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Crenças e atitudes face à sexualidade e ao VIH/SIDA nos jovens : Implicações de género
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O número de pessoas infectadas pelo VIH/SIDA continua a ser bastante elevado e apresenta,
hoje, mudanças no seu perfil epidemiológico de transmissão.
Se, no início da epidemia, a infecção afectava predominantemente os homens, actualmente
distribui-se de forma equitativa pelos dois sexos. O padrão de evolução da infecção revelou,
então, uma maior vulnerabilidade da mulher.
A principal via de transmissão do vírus é a sexual, sendo o contacto heterossexual o
responsável pela maioria dos casos.
Partindo do pressuposto que os comportamentos sexuais estão na base da infecção e que as
crenças e atitudes são fortes preditoras do comportamento, será importante conhecê-las para
que, de uma forma mais eficaz, se promova a adopção de comportamentos sexuais seguros.
Este estudo visa, assim, contribuir para um melhor esclarecimento acerca das crenças e
atitudes face à sexualidade e ao VIH/SIDA entre jovens do género feminino e do género
masculino, promovendo uma melhor compreensão acerca dos motivos pelos quais o contágio
heterossexual se tenha tornado, actualmente, maioritário.
A amostra é constituída por 333 sujeitos, 226 do género feminino e 107 do género masculino,
com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 41 anos. Foi utilizado um protocolo constituído
por três questionários de auto-resposta (Cláudio, Gouveia Pereira & Robalo), que inclui
questões de associação livre, questões abertas e questões fechadas.
Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas entre géneros relativamente às crenças e
atitudes perante a sexualidade e o VIH/SIDA.
Estes resultados poderão vir a ser úteis na elaboração de estratégias de prevenção mais
específicas e diferenciadas, uma vez que vão mais ao encontro das crenças e atitudes de cada
um dos géneros. Tais estratégias baseadas nestes resultados serão, portanto, seguramente mais
eficazes.
ABSTRACT: Nowadays the number of people infected by HIV/AIDS is still too high and it has been presenting changes on its epidemiologic profile of transmission. Although at the beginning of the epidemic the infection affected mostly men, today it is equally distributed among sexes. As such, the infection’s evolution pattern has revealed higher vulnerability for women. The main route of transmission of the virus is the sexual route, especially through heterosexual contact, which is responsible for most of the cases. Assuming that the sexual behaviors are the base of the infection and that the beliefs and attitudes are strong predictors of the behavior itself, it’s important to know them in order to promote, in an effective way, the adoption of safe sexual behaviors. Therefore, this study’s aim is to clarify the beliefs and attitudes on the sexuality and HIV/AIDS topics among male and female teenagers, promoting a better comprehension about why has the heterosexual contagion reached the majority lately. The sample is composed by 333 subjects, 226 females and 107 males, with ages among 15 and 41 years old. A protocol with three auto-response questionnaires (Cláudio, Gouveia Pereira & Robalo), including association questions, open questions and closed questions was used. The results showed significant differences between genders related to the beliefs and attitudes about the sexuality and HIV/AIDS. These results might be useful in the development of more specific and differentiated prevention strategies, because they reflect the beliefs and attitudes of each gender. This way, those strategies based on these results will be more efficient.
ABSTRACT: Nowadays the number of people infected by HIV/AIDS is still too high and it has been presenting changes on its epidemiologic profile of transmission. Although at the beginning of the epidemic the infection affected mostly men, today it is equally distributed among sexes. As such, the infection’s evolution pattern has revealed higher vulnerability for women. The main route of transmission of the virus is the sexual route, especially through heterosexual contact, which is responsible for most of the cases. Assuming that the sexual behaviors are the base of the infection and that the beliefs and attitudes are strong predictors of the behavior itself, it’s important to know them in order to promote, in an effective way, the adoption of safe sexual behaviors. Therefore, this study’s aim is to clarify the beliefs and attitudes on the sexuality and HIV/AIDS topics among male and female teenagers, promoting a better comprehension about why has the heterosexual contagion reached the majority lately. The sample is composed by 333 subjects, 226 females and 107 males, with ages among 15 and 41 years old. A protocol with three auto-response questionnaires (Cláudio, Gouveia Pereira & Robalo), including association questions, open questions and closed questions was used. The results showed significant differences between genders related to the beliefs and attitudes about the sexuality and HIV/AIDS. These results might be useful in the development of more specific and differentiated prevention strategies, because they reflect the beliefs and attitudes of each gender. This way, those strategies based on these results will be more efficient.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Crenças e atitudes Sexualidade VIH/SIDA Jovens Género Beliefs and attitudes Sexuality HIV/AIDS Young Gender