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O papel da flexibilidade psicológica e do evitamento experiencial na relação entre a exposição a eventos traumáticos e a sintomatologia de stress pós-traumático nas forças de segurança
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: Os profissionais das forças de segurança vivem eventos potencialmente traumáticos que colocam à prova a sua resiliência psicológica. Esta realidade torna-os particularmente vulneráveis ao desenvolvimento de perturbação de stress pós-traumático. No entanto, processos psicológicos como a flexibilidade psicológica e o evitamento experiencial têm sido descritos na literatura como fatores determinantes na forma como os indivíduos lidam com o impacto do trauma, podendo atenuar ou intensificar a sua expressão sintomatológica. Objetivo: Analisar o papel mediador da flexibilidade psicológica e do evitamento experiencial na relação entre a exposição a eventos traumáticos e os sintomas de PTSD, bem como a influência dos traços de personalidade. Método: Participaram 1074 profissionais da PSP e da GNR, através de questionário incluindo medidas de PTSD, exposição a eventos críticos, flexibilidade psicológica, evitamento experiencial e personalidade. Resultados: A exposição traumática associou-se positivamente à sintomatologia de PTSD. A flexibilidade psicológica e o evitamento experiencial mediaram parcialmente esta relação, sendo o evitamento o mediador mais forte. Os traços de personalidade - extroversão, amabilidade, conscienciosidade, estabilidade emocional e abertura à experiência - correlacionaram-se com os sintomas, destacando-se a estabilidade emocional como fator protetor. Conclusão: Este estudo evidencia que a flexibilidade psicológica, o evitamento experiencial e os traços de personalidade influenciam a adaptação ao trauma, contribuindo para uma compreensão mais aprofundada dos processos de ajustamento nas forças de segurança.
Introduction: Police officers are routinely exposed to potentially traumatic events that challenge their psychological resilience. This reality makes them particularly vulnerable to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, psychological processes such as psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance have been described in the literature as key factors in how individuals cope with the impact of trauma, either mitigating or amplifying its symptomatic expression. Objective: To analyse the mediating role of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance in the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD symptoms, as well as the influence of personality traits. Method: A total of 1074 PSP and GNR Officers participated in this study, completing a self-report questionnaire including measures of PTSD, exposure to critical events, psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, and personality. Results: Traumatic exposure was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance partially mediated this relationship, with experiential avoidance emerging as the strongest mediator. All personality traits correlated with PTSD symptoms, with emotional stability being the most protective factor. Conclusion: This study shows that psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, and personality traits influence adaptation to trauma, contributing to a deeper understanding of adjustment processes among police officers.
Introduction: Police officers are routinely exposed to potentially traumatic events that challenge their psychological resilience. This reality makes them particularly vulnerable to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. However, psychological processes such as psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance have been described in the literature as key factors in how individuals cope with the impact of trauma, either mitigating or amplifying its symptomatic expression. Objective: To analyse the mediating role of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance in the relationship between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD symptoms, as well as the influence of personality traits. Method: A total of 1074 PSP and GNR Officers participated in this study, completing a self-report questionnaire including measures of PTSD, exposure to critical events, psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, and personality. Results: Traumatic exposure was positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance partially mediated this relationship, with experiential avoidance emerging as the strongest mediator. All personality traits correlated with PTSD symptoms, with emotional stability being the most protective factor. Conclusion: This study shows that psychological flexibility, experiential avoidance, and personality traits influence adaptation to trauma, contributing to a deeper understanding of adjustment processes among police officers.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grua de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Stress pós-traumático Forças de Segurança Flexibilidade Psicológica Evitamento Experiencial Personalidade Post-traumatic stress disorder Police Psychological flexibility Experiential avoidance Personality