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Relações entre estilo de comunicação do treinador e a motivação para o desporto e comportamento alimentar: Uma análise de moderação
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Abstract(s)
O segredo não está no talento, mas na motivação para a prática. A motivação autónoma é um
conceito bastante presente nos dias de hoje, mas que por ser inata e espontânea nas suas formas de
se manifestar, pode alterar-se dependendo do contexto em que nos inserimos. A presente
Dissertação de Mestrado engloba o estudo do papel do estilo de comunicação do treinador na
motivação para o desporto e para o comportamento alimentar, à luz da Teoria da Autodeterminação.
Recorremos a uma amostra de 89 participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 35 anos,
maioritariamente do género masculino (n = 60; 67.4%). Os inquiridos responderam a um
questionário online que englobou as seguintes variáveis: (a) Estilo de comunicação do treinador;
(b) Satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas para o exercício; (c) Motivação para o
exercício; (d) Motivação para o comportamento alimentar. Os principais resultados destacam: (a)
Correlações positivas entre a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas e a motivação
autónoma; (b) Correlações negativas entre o estilo de comunicação controladora do treinador e a
motivação autónoma, mais significativo ao nível da alimentação; (c) O género e a necessidade de
autonomia evidenciaram efeitos de moderação nessas relações, com impacto mais negativo do
estilo controlador em atletas que percecionam mais autonomia (b = –0.202, p = .012) e do género
feminino (b = –.525, p = .003). No presente contexto desportivo, reforça-se a importância de um
clima motivacional de suporte à autonomia que promova comportamentos de saúde sustentados,
tanto na sua prática como na regulação alimentar do/a praticante.
The secret is not in talent, but in the motivation to practice. Autonomous motivation is a concept that is very present nowadays, but because it is innate and spontaneous in the way it manifests itself, it can change depending on the context in which we find ourselves. This Master's Thesis studies the role of the coach's communication style in motivation for sport and eating behavior, in the light of Self-Determination Theory. We used a sample of 89 participants aged between 18 and 35, mostly male (n = 60; 67.4%). The respondents answered an online questionnaire which included the following variables: (a) Coach's communication style; (b) Satisfaction of basic psychological needs for exercise; (c) Motivation for exercise; (d) Motivation for eating behavior. The main results highlight: (a) Positive correlations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation; (b) Negative correlations between the coach's controlling communication style and autonomous motivation, more significant in terms of eating; (c) Gender and the need for autonomy were shown to be moderating variables in these relationships, with a more negative impact of the controlling style on athletes who perceive more autonomy (b = –0.202, p = .012) and on females (b = –.525, p = .003). In the current sporting context, the importance of a motivational climate that supports autonomy and promotes sustained health behaviors is reinforced, both in its practice and in the practitioner's dietary regulation
The secret is not in talent, but in the motivation to practice. Autonomous motivation is a concept that is very present nowadays, but because it is innate and spontaneous in the way it manifests itself, it can change depending on the context in which we find ourselves. This Master's Thesis studies the role of the coach's communication style in motivation for sport and eating behavior, in the light of Self-Determination Theory. We used a sample of 89 participants aged between 18 and 35, mostly male (n = 60; 67.4%). The respondents answered an online questionnaire which included the following variables: (a) Coach's communication style; (b) Satisfaction of basic psychological needs for exercise; (c) Motivation for exercise; (d) Motivation for eating behavior. The main results highlight: (a) Positive correlations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation; (b) Negative correlations between the coach's controlling communication style and autonomous motivation, more significant in terms of eating; (c) Gender and the need for autonomy were shown to be moderating variables in these relationships, with a more negative impact of the controlling style on athletes who perceive more autonomy (b = –0.202, p = .012) and on females (b = –.525, p = .003). In the current sporting context, the importance of a motivational climate that supports autonomy and promotes sustained health behaviors is reinforced, both in its practice and in the practitioner's dietary regulation
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Motivação autónoma Comunicação controladora Exercício físico Comportamento alimentar Spillover Effect Autonomous motivation Control communication Physical exercise Eating behavior Spillover Effect