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Abstract(s)
O uso do telemóvel tornou-se amplamente disseminado entre adolescentes, constituindo-se como o principal meio de comunicação, entretenimento e interação social. No entanto, a utilização excessiva tem sido associada à dependência, dificuldades de atenção, menor desempenho escolar, redução da empatia, défices de autocontrolo e impactos negativos no bem-estar físico e psicológico. Em resposta a essas preocupações, Portugal implementou, em 2024, uma recomendação nacional para restringir o uso de telemóveis nos 1.º e 2.º ciclos do ensino básico, alinhando-se a políticas já adotadas noutros países europeus.O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre dependência do telemóvel, autocontrolo, empatia e as orientações hedónica e eudaimónica em adolescentes com idades entre 10 e 17 anos (M = 12,66; DP = 1,64). Recorreu-se a uma metodologia mista, envolvendo a aplicação de instrumentos validados para avaliação de variáveis psicossociais e questionários qualitativos destinados a recolher as perceções de alunos, pais e professores acerca dosefeitos da restrição do uso de telemóveis. Os resultados revelaram uma associação significativa entre a dependência do smartphone e a orientação eudaimónica, indicando que níveis mais elevados desta orientação correspondem a níveis inferiores de dependência. Não se verificou relação direta entre a orientação hedónica e a dependência. Contudo, observou-se que essa relação adquire significância quando o autocontrolo desadaptativo é considerado explicativo na relação entre ambas. Este, por sua vez, apresentou associação com a dependência do smartphone, configurando um dado inédito na literatura. Por sua vez, revelou-se positivamente uma associação entre a relação com a orientação hedónica e a adependência do telemóvel, através da mediação da empatia. Adicionalmente, esta apresentou mediar parcialmente a associação entre a orientação eudaimónica e a dependência de telemóvel.
Mobile phone use has become widespread among adolescents, serving as a primary means of communication, entertainment, and social interaction. However, excessive use has been linked to dependency, attention difficulties, reduced empathy, poor self-control, and negative impacts on physical and psychological well-being. In response to these concerns, Portugal implemented, in 2024, a national recommendation restricting mobile phone use in the 1st and 2nd cycles of basic education, aligning with policies already adopted in other European countries. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mobile phone dependence, self-control, empathy, and hedonic and eudaimonic orientations among adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (M = 12.66; SD = 1.64). A mixed-method approach was used, combining validated psychometric instruments with qualitative questionnaires administered to students, parents, and teachers regarding the effects of mobile phone restrictions. Results revealed a significant negative association between smartphone dependence and eudaimonic orientation, indicating that higher eudaimonic orientation corresponds to lower levels of dependence. No direct relationship was found between hedonic orientation and dependence; however, this relationship became significant when maladaptive self-control was considered a mediating variable. Furthermore, empathy partially mediated the association between both well-being orientations and mobile phone dependence. These findings offer novel insights into the psychosocial mechanisms underlying problematic smartphone use among adolescents.
Mobile phone use has become widespread among adolescents, serving as a primary means of communication, entertainment, and social interaction. However, excessive use has been linked to dependency, attention difficulties, reduced empathy, poor self-control, and negative impacts on physical and psychological well-being. In response to these concerns, Portugal implemented, in 2024, a national recommendation restricting mobile phone use in the 1st and 2nd cycles of basic education, aligning with policies already adopted in other European countries. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mobile phone dependence, self-control, empathy, and hedonic and eudaimonic orientations among adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (M = 12.66; SD = 1.64). A mixed-method approach was used, combining validated psychometric instruments with qualitative questionnaires administered to students, parents, and teachers regarding the effects of mobile phone restrictions. Results revealed a significant negative association between smartphone dependence and eudaimonic orientation, indicating that higher eudaimonic orientation corresponds to lower levels of dependence. No direct relationship was found between hedonic orientation and dependence; however, this relationship became significant when maladaptive self-control was considered a mediating variable. Furthermore, empathy partially mediated the association between both well-being orientations and mobile phone dependence. These findings offer novel insights into the psychosocial mechanisms underlying problematic smartphone use among adolescents.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Adolescentes Dependência do telemóvel Orientação eudaimónica Orientação hedónica Empatia Autocontrolo Política de restrição do telemóvel : Adolescent Smartphone addiction Eudaimonic orientation Hedonic orientation Empathy Self-control Cell phone restriction policy