Loading...
Publication
Social filtering of reasoning problems
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Em estudos anteriores verificou-se que pessoas que resolvem problemas de raciocínio de forma intuitiva diferem daquelas que os resolvem de forma deliberativa na sua capacidade de prestar atenção à informação crítica (Mata et al., 2014, 2017). Neste estudo, iremos utilizar recordações livres para compreender melhor este fenómeno. É esperado que as pessoas que raciocinam de forma intuitiva não recordem as partes críticas.
Este estudo tem também como objetivo compreender o impacto social destas representações incorretas. Para tal, utilizou-se um paradigma de reprodução serial. Se os participantes receberem reproduções incorretas, eles acabarão por dar uma resposta incorreta, uma vez que estão a raciocinar com base em premissas erradas. Mesmo que tenham conhecimentos lógicos que lhes permitam chegar à resposta certa, não serão capazes de o fazer se os problemas que lhes são transmitidos não tiverem informação suficiente.
Foi pedido a cada participante que respondesse a três problemas e que escrevesse uma recordação do problema que tinha acabado de ler, o mais exata possível.
Confirmou-se uma correlação significativa positiva entre a precisão da memória e a performance, bem como um efeito ao longo das gerações, já que à medida que mais erros se iam acumulando na reprodução dos problemas, mais erros resultavam daí.
Para resolver problemas de raciocínio, não chega uma boa capacidade de raciocínio é também necessária a capacidade de representar corretamente o problema na mente. O efeito ao longo das gerações é relevante num mundo onde estamos constantemente a receber informações dos outros.
Previous studies have found that intuitive problem-solvers differ from deliberative ones in their ability to pay attention to critical information in a problem (Mata et al., 2014, 2017). In this study, we will use free recall to further explore these processes. It is expected that intuitive problem-solvers fail to recall those critical parts. This study also addresses the social impact of those incorrect representations. To do so, a serial reproduction paradigm was used. If participants receive a misrepresented problem, they are bound to give an incorrect answer, as they are reasoning based on wrong premises. Even if they have logical knowledge that allows them to give a right answer, they will not be able to do it if the problems they read do not have enough information. Participants were asked to answer three reasoning problem, one at a time and reproduce the problem they just read as accurately as possible. We found a significant correlation between reasoning performance and accuracy of memory, as well as a downstream effect throughout the generations, as more and more errors accumulated in the reproduction of the problems, and consequently more and more reasoning errors resulted from that. To solve reasoning problems, not only a good reasoning ability is needed, but also an ability to correctly represent the problem in the mind. The effect found throughout the generations is relevant in a world where we are constantly receiving information from other people.
Previous studies have found that intuitive problem-solvers differ from deliberative ones in their ability to pay attention to critical information in a problem (Mata et al., 2014, 2017). In this study, we will use free recall to further explore these processes. It is expected that intuitive problem-solvers fail to recall those critical parts. This study also addresses the social impact of those incorrect representations. To do so, a serial reproduction paradigm was used. If participants receive a misrepresented problem, they are bound to give an incorrect answer, as they are reasoning based on wrong premises. Even if they have logical knowledge that allows them to give a right answer, they will not be able to do it if the problems they read do not have enough information. Participants were asked to answer three reasoning problem, one at a time and reproduce the problem they just read as accurately as possible. We found a significant correlation between reasoning performance and accuracy of memory, as well as a downstream effect throughout the generations, as more and more errors accumulated in the reproduction of the problems, and consequently more and more reasoning errors resulted from that. To solve reasoning problems, not only a good reasoning ability is needed, but also an ability to correctly represent the problem in the mind. The effect found throughout the generations is relevant in a world where we are constantly receiving information from other people.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações
Keywords
Reprodução serial Problemas de raciocínio Deteção de conflito Filtragem social Pensamento Raciocínio Serial reproduction Reasoning problems Conflict detection Social filtering Thinking Reasoning