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Introdução: Segundo os dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde, o tabagismo é
identificado como a principal causa do aumento da mortalidade evitável mundialmente,
representando não só uma ameaça à saúde do próprio consumidor, como também à saúde
pública. Com o intuito de perceber a forma como os fumadores, não-fumadores e exfumadores, encaram o tabagismo, o presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar
a relação entre a perceção de risco e a busca de sensações, numa amostra adulta da
população portuguesa.Método: A amostra foi constituída por 124 participantes, dividida
em três condições de hábito tabágico (Fumadores, Ex-Fumadores e Não-Fumadores),
com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 68 anos (Fumadores: M = 29.3%; DP =
11.3%; Ex-Fumadores: M = 37.7%; DP = 16.1%; Não-Fumadores: M = 30%; DP =
10.7%), tendo sido obtidos um total de 55 participantes fumadores, 21 participantes exfumadores e 48 participantes não fumadores. Os participantes responderam a um
questionário online que incluiu questões sociodemográficas, de caracterização do hábito
tabágico, o Teste de Fagerström para Dependência da Nicotina – TFDN, o Perceived Risk
and Benefits Questionnaire - PRBQ e o Sensation Seeking Scale – SSSV. Resultados:
Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma associação significativa entre a dependência da
nicotina e a perceção de riscos (r = .315; p = 0.01), indicando que os participantes com
maiores níveis de dependência apresentaram maior perceção dos riscos. De igual forma,
os resultados mostraram uma associação entre a busca de sensações e a perceção de riscos
(r = .360; p = 0.07), indicando que os participantes que apresentaram níveis mais elevados
de busca de sensações tiveram maior perceção dos riscos do tabaco. O modelo aplicado
de regressão linear mostrou valores significativos entre a busca de sensações e a perceção
de riscos [F (4, 50) = 2.975; p < 0.001, R2
a= 0.128], sendo que, apenas o preditor
“Desinibição” se mostrou significativo [b = 0.238; β = 0.469; t (35) = 2.352; p < 0,023].
Conclusão: Observou-se que o traço busca de sensações e desinibição estão associados
à perceção dos riscos acerca do tabagismo, especialmente em indivíduos fumadores.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: According to data from the World Health Organization, smoking is identified as the main cause of the increase in preventable mortality worldwide, representing not only a threat to the health of the consumer, but also to public health. In order to understand how smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers view smoking, the main aim of this study was to assess the relationship between risk perception and sensationseeking in an adult sample of the Portuguese population. Method: The sample consisted of 124 participants, divided into three conditions by smoking habit (smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers), aged between 18 and 68 (smokers: M = 29.3%; SD = 11.3%; exsmokers: M = 37.7%; SD = 16.1%; non-smokers: M = 30%; SD = 10.7%), with a total of 55 smokers, 21 ex-smokers and 48 non-smokers. Participants answered an online questionnaire which included sociodemographic questions, characterization of smoking habits, the Fagerström Test for Smoking Dependence - TFDN, the Perceived Risk and Benefits Questionnaire - PRBQ and the Sensation Seeking Scale – SSSV. Results: The results obtained suggest a significant association between nicotine dependence and risk perception (r = .315; p = 0.01), indicating that participants with higher levels of dependence showed greater risk perception. Similarly, the results showed an association between sensation-seeking and risk perception (r = .360; p = 0.07), indicating that participants with higher levels of sensation-seeking had a higher perception of the risks of smoking. The linear regression model applied showed significant values between sensation-seeking and risk perception [F (4, 50) = 2.975; p < 0.001, R 2 a= 0.128], with only the Disinhibition predictor proving significant [b = 0.238; β = 0.469; t (35) = 2.352; p < 0.023]. Conclusion: It was observed that the sensation-seeking trait and disinhibition are associated with the perception of smoking risks, especially in smokers.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: According to data from the World Health Organization, smoking is identified as the main cause of the increase in preventable mortality worldwide, representing not only a threat to the health of the consumer, but also to public health. In order to understand how smokers, non-smokers and ex-smokers view smoking, the main aim of this study was to assess the relationship between risk perception and sensationseeking in an adult sample of the Portuguese population. Method: The sample consisted of 124 participants, divided into three conditions by smoking habit (smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers), aged between 18 and 68 (smokers: M = 29.3%; SD = 11.3%; exsmokers: M = 37.7%; SD = 16.1%; non-smokers: M = 30%; SD = 10.7%), with a total of 55 smokers, 21 ex-smokers and 48 non-smokers. Participants answered an online questionnaire which included sociodemographic questions, characterization of smoking habits, the Fagerström Test for Smoking Dependence - TFDN, the Perceived Risk and Benefits Questionnaire - PRBQ and the Sensation Seeking Scale – SSSV. Results: The results obtained suggest a significant association between nicotine dependence and risk perception (r = .315; p = 0.01), indicating that participants with higher levels of dependence showed greater risk perception. Similarly, the results showed an association between sensation-seeking and risk perception (r = .360; p = 0.07), indicating that participants with higher levels of sensation-seeking had a higher perception of the risks of smoking. The linear regression model applied showed significant values between sensation-seeking and risk perception [F (4, 50) = 2.975; p < 0.001, R 2 a= 0.128], with only the Disinhibition predictor proving significant [b = 0.238; β = 0.469; t (35) = 2.352; p < 0.023]. Conclusion: It was observed that the sensation-seeking trait and disinhibition are associated with the perception of smoking risks, especially in smokers.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestradoapresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário, para obtenção do grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia
Clínica
Palavras-chave
Tabagismo Busca de sensações Perceção de riscos Dependência da nicotina Smoking Sensation seeking Risk perception Nicotine dependence
