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Apesar de você, amanhã há de ser outro dia: O movimento antimanicomial e a desinstitucionalização no brasil e em portugal
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desinstitucionalização é um conceito polissêmico que engloba diferentes elementos
epistemológicos e práxis assistenciais. Um processo complexo que começa pelo hospital
psiquiátrico e busca transformar as relações de poder entre pacientes e instituições, produzindo
estruturas de saúde mental que substituem o internamento e transformam os recursos materiais
e humanos depositados nessas instituições. A desinstitucionalização ocorreu de forma diferente
no Brasil e em Portugal, entretanto o debate em torno da saúde mental e
da desinstitucionalização se torna cada vez mais urgente em ambos os países frente a
persistência e intensificação dos modelos assistenciais que seguem a lógica manicomial. Nesse
sentido, os movimentos sociais são promotores de transformações políticas e sociais,
denunciando as desigualdades e injustiças vividas por uma parcela da sociedade. No caso do
Movimento Antimanicomial, a luta pelos direitos dos usuários de serviços de saúde mental E
de seus familiares é fundamental. Este estudo tem como objetivo discutir acerca do Movimento
Antimanicomial e o Processo de Desinstitucionalização no Brasil e em Portugal através do
relato das experiências de profissionais da área da saúde mental estabelecendo as relações e
distinções entre ambos. A recolha de dados foi feita através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, em
seguida, foi realizada a análise temática dos resultados obtidos com o propósito de obter os
temas mais relevantes para o estudo. Embora em ambos os países haja diretrizes que
encaminhem para a desinstitucionalização, essas ainda estão incipientes e fragilizadas, sendo a
ação do Estado e, dos movimentos sociais essenciais para combater a hegemonia do modelo
manicomial.
ABSTRACT: Deinstitutionalization is a polysemic concept that encompasses different epistemological elements and care practices. It is a complex process that begins in the psychiatric hospital and seeks to transform the power relations between patients and institutions, producing mental health structures that replace hospitalization and transform the material and human resources deposited in these institutions. Deinstitutionalization occurred differently in Brazil and Portugal, however, the debate around mental health and deinstitutionalization is becoming increasingly urgent in both countries, given the persistence and intensification of care models that follow the asylum logic. In this sense, social movements are promoters of political and social transformations, denouncing the inequalities and injustices experienced by a portion of society. In the case of the Anti-Asylum Movement, the fight for the rights of users of mental health services and their families is fundamental. This study aims to discuss the Anti-Asylum Movement and the Deinstitutionalization Process in Brazil and Portugal through the reporting of experiences of mental health professionals, establishing the relationships and distinctions between the two. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis of the results obtained in order to obtain the most relevant themes for the study. Although in both countries there are guidelines that lead to deinstitutionalization, these are still incipient and fragile, and the action of the State and social movements are essential to combat the hegemony of the asylum model.
ABSTRACT: Deinstitutionalization is a polysemic concept that encompasses different epistemological elements and care practices. It is a complex process that begins in the psychiatric hospital and seeks to transform the power relations between patients and institutions, producing mental health structures that replace hospitalization and transform the material and human resources deposited in these institutions. Deinstitutionalization occurred differently in Brazil and Portugal, however, the debate around mental health and deinstitutionalization is becoming increasingly urgent in both countries, given the persistence and intensification of care models that follow the asylum logic. In this sense, social movements are promoters of political and social transformations, denouncing the inequalities and injustices experienced by a portion of society. In the case of the Anti-Asylum Movement, the fight for the rights of users of mental health services and their families is fundamental. This study aims to discuss the Anti-Asylum Movement and the Deinstitutionalization Process in Brazil and Portugal through the reporting of experiences of mental health professionals, establishing the relationships and distinctions between the two. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, followed by thematic analysis of the results obtained in order to obtain the most relevant themes for the study. Although in both countries there are guidelines that lead to deinstitutionalization, these are still incipient and fragile, and the action of the State and social movements are essential to combat the hegemony of the asylum model.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Desinstitucionalização Movimento antimanicomial Movimentos sociais Saúde mental Hospitais psiquiátricos Brasil Portugal Deinstitutionalization Social movements Mental health Psychiatric hospitals Brazil Portugal