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Dizer adeus com o primeiro abraço: As vivências dos psicoterapeutas face ao fim dos processos psicoterapêuticos
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Abstract(s)
A presente investigação procura responder à questão “o que significa e como vivenciam os terapeutas o fim dum processo psicoterapêutico?”, assente na metodologia de investigação qualitativa fenomenológico-hermenêutica de Van Manen (1990) que combina, de forma dialéctica, a preocupação fenomenológica pela descrição dos fenómenos com a interpretação hermenêutica. A amostra é constituída por 9 co-investigadores: psicoterapeutas com experiência clínica, de supervisão e psicoterapia pessoal. Com o intuito de investigar as sua perspectivas acerca do fim dos processos terapêuticos foi elaborado um questionário com perguntas abertas. As vivências dos psicoterapeutas face a duas situações distintas, de fim consensual e não consensual, são sistematizadas de acordo com 4 dimensões transversais emergentes da análise compreensiva e temática dos dados: “visão do cliente”, “balanço da psicoterapia”, “tomada de decisão” e “vivido emocional”. As variações dentro destas dimensões são apresentadas nas sínteses descritivas das 3 estruturas fundamentais encontradas: “Honrar a Relação”, “Falência do Projecto” e “Crise do Nós”. Os temas essenciais que caracterizam as vivências do fenómeno são apresentados e ilustrados com citações provenientes dos testemunhos dos co- investigadores. O fenómeno está omnipresente na prática psicoterapêutica dos co- investigadores. A forma como é vivido mudou com o aumento da experiência clínica: é percorrido um caminho de aceitação, de desenvolvimento pessoal e de reconhecimento da alteridade do outro, e alcançado um maior senso de tranquilidade e segurança. Para a maioria dos co-investigadores esta temática foi contemplada de forma superficial nos seus cursos de especialização em psicoterapia, e examinada em casos específicos na supervisão. Os co-investigadores sugerem a criação módulos/seminários de formação teóricos e experienciais explicitamente dedicados ao término dos processos psicoterapêuticos. Os resultados da investigação são comparados com a literatura de investigação existente e com a perspectiva fenomenológico-existencial. Algumas implicações para a prática psicoterapêutica são tentativamente feitas. São também abordadas as limitações do presente estudo e propostas novas linhas de investigação.
ABSTRACT: This research seeks to answer the question "how therapists experience and draw meaning from the end of a psychotherapeutic process?", based on qualitative research methodology of hermeneutic phenomenology of van Manen (1990) which combines, in a dialectical, the phenomenological concern for the description of the phenomena with hermeneutic interpretation. The sample consists of 9 co-investigators: psychotherapists with clinical experience, supervision and personal psychotherapy. In order to investigate their perspectives on the end of the therapy process, a questionnaire with open questions was developed. The experiences of psychotherapists regarding two different situations of consensual and nonconsensual termination are systematized according to 4 transverse dimensions of the emerging themes and comprehensive analysis of the data: "patient perspective", "review of psychotherapy", "decision-making" and “emotional experiencing". Variations in these dimensions are presented in descriptive summaries of the 3 fundamental structures founded: "Honor the Relationship", "Project Failure" and "We-Crisis". Key themes that characterize the experiences of the phenomenon are presented and illustrated with quotations from the testimony of co-researchers. The phenomenon is omnipresent in psychotherapeutic practice of co- researchers. The way it is experienced changed with increasing clinical experience: it is traversed a path of acceptance, personal development and recognition of the alterity of others, and achieved a greater sense of peace and security. For most co- researchers this issue was addressed superficially in their specialization courses in psychotherapy, and examined within specific cases in supervision. The co- researchers suggest the creation of theoretical and experiential training modules/seminars explicitly dedicated to the end of the psychotherapeutic process. Research results are compared with the existing research literature and the existential-phenomenological perspective. Some implications for psychotherapeutic practice are tentatively made. The limitations of this study are also discussed and further research lines are proposed.
ABSTRACT: This research seeks to answer the question "how therapists experience and draw meaning from the end of a psychotherapeutic process?", based on qualitative research methodology of hermeneutic phenomenology of van Manen (1990) which combines, in a dialectical, the phenomenological concern for the description of the phenomena with hermeneutic interpretation. The sample consists of 9 co-investigators: psychotherapists with clinical experience, supervision and personal psychotherapy. In order to investigate their perspectives on the end of the therapy process, a questionnaire with open questions was developed. The experiences of psychotherapists regarding two different situations of consensual and nonconsensual termination are systematized according to 4 transverse dimensions of the emerging themes and comprehensive analysis of the data: "patient perspective", "review of psychotherapy", "decision-making" and “emotional experiencing". Variations in these dimensions are presented in descriptive summaries of the 3 fundamental structures founded: "Honor the Relationship", "Project Failure" and "We-Crisis". Key themes that characterize the experiences of the phenomenon are presented and illustrated with quotations from the testimony of co-researchers. The phenomenon is omnipresent in psychotherapeutic practice of co- researchers. The way it is experienced changed with increasing clinical experience: it is traversed a path of acceptance, personal development and recognition of the alterity of others, and achieved a greater sense of peace and security. For most co- researchers this issue was addressed superficially in their specialization courses in psychotherapy, and examined within specific cases in supervision. The co- researchers suggest the creation of theoretical and experiential training modules/seminars explicitly dedicated to the end of the psychotherapeutic process. Research results are compared with the existing research literature and the existential-phenomenological perspective. Some implications for psychotherapeutic practice are tentatively made. The limitations of this study are also discussed and further research lines are proposed.