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A relação entre a autoestima e o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários: O papel do autocontrolo
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O consumo problemático de álcool é bastante frequente, particularmente em estudantes universitários, e tem diversas consequências negativas. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi o de perceber o papel que a capacidade de autocontrolo desempenha na relação entre a autoestima e o consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários. Mais concretamente, esperava-se que indivíduos com baixa autoestima e baixo autocontrolo iriam apresentar
um consumo de álcool mais elevado em comparação com os indivíduos com baixa autoestima e elevado autocontrolo. A amostra é composta por 750 estudantes universitários e os resultados emonstraram, tal como o esperado, que os indivíduos com elevado autocontrolo reportaram um menor consumo de álcool do que os indivíduos com baixo autocontrolo. Por outro lado, e ao contrário do que seria expectável, os indivíduos com elevada autoestima reportaram um maior consumo de álcool do que os indivíduos
com baixa autoestima. O efeito da interação entre a autoestima e o autocontrolo demonstrou-se significativo, sendo que quanto mais elevada for a autoestima, também mais elevado é o consumo típico de álcool e o consumo excessivo de álcool. Estas associações são mais fortes para os indivíduos que apresentam menores níveis de autocontrolo em comparação com os que têm altos níveis de autocontrolo. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo reforçam a importância de considerar a autoestima e o
autocontrolo como fatores determinantes na compreensão do consumo de álcool em estudantes universitários, e enfatizam a necessidade de considerar estas variáveis em programas de prevenção focados na redução do consumo de álcool nesta população em específico.
Problematic alcohol consumption is quite common, particularly among college students, and has several negative consequences. The main goal of this study was to understand the role that self-control plays in the relationship between self-esteem and alcohol consumption among college students. More specifically, it was expected that individuals with low self-esteem and low self-control would present higher levels of alcohol consumption compared to individuals with low self-esteem and high self-control. The sample consisted of 750 university students, and the results showed, as expected, that individuals with high self-control reported lower alcohol consumption than those with low self-control. On the other hand, individuals with high self-esteem reported higher alcohol consumption than those with low self-esteem. The interaction effect between self esteem and self-control was found to be significant, indicating that the higher the self esteem, the higher the typical and excessive alcohol consumption. These associations were stronger among individuals with lower levels of self-control compared to those with higher levels of self-control. The findings of the present study reinforce the importance of considering self-esteem and self-control as key factors in understanding alcohol consumption among college students, and highlight the need to take these variables into account in prevention programs aimed at reducing alcohol consumption within this specific population.
Problematic alcohol consumption is quite common, particularly among college students, and has several negative consequences. The main goal of this study was to understand the role that self-control plays in the relationship between self-esteem and alcohol consumption among college students. More specifically, it was expected that individuals with low self-esteem and low self-control would present higher levels of alcohol consumption compared to individuals with low self-esteem and high self-control. The sample consisted of 750 university students, and the results showed, as expected, that individuals with high self-control reported lower alcohol consumption than those with low self-control. On the other hand, individuals with high self-esteem reported higher alcohol consumption than those with low self-esteem. The interaction effect between self esteem and self-control was found to be significant, indicating that the higher the self esteem, the higher the typical and excessive alcohol consumption. These associations were stronger among individuals with lower levels of self-control compared to those with higher levels of self-control. The findings of the present study reinforce the importance of considering self-esteem and self-control as key factors in understanding alcohol consumption among college students, and highlight the need to take these variables into account in prevention programs aimed at reducing alcohol consumption within this specific population.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Palavras-chave
Autoestima Autocontrolo Consumo excessivo de álcool Consumo problemático de álcool Estudantes Universitários Self-esteem Self-control Excessive alcohol use Problematic alcohol consumption College students