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O potencial terapêutico dos psicadélicos na reconfiguração cognitiva da anorexia nervosa e perturbações alimentares
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As perturbações alimentares constituem quadros psicopatológicos complexos, caracterizados por uma relação disfuncional com o corpo, a alimentação e a perceção de controlo, refletindo rigidez cognitiva e emocional significativas. A Anorexia Nervosa, como manifestação extrema dessa dinâmica, revela resistência terapêutica e elevada taxa de recaída. Face às limitações dos tratamentos convencionais, tem emergido um interesse crescente pelos psicadélicos, como a psilocibina e o LSD, pelo seu potencial de promover estados expandidos de consciência e reconfiguração cognitiva. Esta dissertação, de natureza mista, integra uma revisão literária e um estudo empírico qualitativo. Na primeira parte, foram analisados nove estudos clínicos sobre o uso de psicadélicos no tratamento da Anorexia Nervosa e de outras perturbações alimentares, explorando os seus efeitos sobre os domínios cognitivos, emocionais e relacionais. Na segunda parte, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro participantes com historial de perturbações alimentares, centradas na história pessoal, relação com o corpo e experiências terapêuticas com psicadélicos. Os resultados sugerem que os psicadélicos podem facilitar a flexibilização cognitiva, a autoaceitação e a reconexão emocional e corporal, possibilitando uma reconfiguração de padrões disfuncionais de pensamento e comportamento. Conclui-se que a terapia assistida por psicadélicos representa uma via promissora na intervenção em perturbações alimentares, embora a investigação ainda exija maior consolidação empírica e rigor metodológico.
Eating disorders are complex psychopathological conditions characterized by a dysfunctional relationship with the body, food, and the perception of control, reflecting significant cognitive and emotional rigidity. Anorexia Nervosa, as an extreme manifestation of this dynamic, shows strong therapeutic resistance and a high relapse rate. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, there has been a growing interest in psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, for their potential to promote expanded states of consciousness and cognitive reconfiguration. This dissertation, of mixed-method nature, integrates a literature review and a qualitative empirical study. In the first part, nine clinical studies on the use of psychedelics in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and other eating disorders were analyzed, exploring their effects on cognitive, emotional, and relational domains. In the second part, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants with a history of eating disorders, focusing on their personal history, relationship with the body, and therapeutic experiences with psychedelics. The results suggest that psychedelics may facilitate cognitive flexibility, self-acceptance, and emotional and bodily reconnection, enabling the reconfiguration of dysfunctional patterns of thought and behavior. It is concluded that psychedelic-assisted therapy represents a promising avenue for the intervention in eating disorders, although further empirical consolidation and methodological rigor are still required.
Eating disorders are complex psychopathological conditions characterized by a dysfunctional relationship with the body, food, and the perception of control, reflecting significant cognitive and emotional rigidity. Anorexia Nervosa, as an extreme manifestation of this dynamic, shows strong therapeutic resistance and a high relapse rate. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, there has been a growing interest in psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, for their potential to promote expanded states of consciousness and cognitive reconfiguration. This dissertation, of mixed-method nature, integrates a literature review and a qualitative empirical study. In the first part, nine clinical studies on the use of psychedelics in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa and other eating disorders were analyzed, exploring their effects on cognitive, emotional, and relational domains. In the second part, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four participants with a history of eating disorders, focusing on their personal history, relationship with the body, and therapeutic experiences with psychedelics. The results suggest that psychedelics may facilitate cognitive flexibility, self-acceptance, and emotional and bodily reconnection, enabling the reconfiguration of dysfunctional patterns of thought and behavior. It is concluded that psychedelic-assisted therapy represents a promising avenue for the intervention in eating disorders, although further empirical consolidation and methodological rigor are still required.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Perturbações alimentares Anorexia Nervosa Psicadélicos Psilocibina Flexibilidade cognitiva Terapia assistida por psicadélicos Eating disorders Anorexia Nervosa Psychedelics Psilocybin Cognitive flexibility Psychedelic-assisted therapy