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Personalidade e influência do meio em suricatas: Implicações para a psicologia humana
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Resumo(s)
Enquadramento: Nos suricatas, sabe-se que existem dois fatores de personalidade classificados como simpatia e agressividade, e um traço de personalidade classificado de exploração. Está por determinar se existem mais fatores de personalidade nomeadamente os Big Five que enquadram a personalidade humana. Tambem o enriquecimento ambiental de espécies em cativeiro é uma área de investigação relevante.
Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se as dimensões de personalidade em suricatas são equivalentes às dimensões do modelo Big Five em humanos. Este estudo procurou tambem verificar se o enriquecimento ambiental diminui os comportamentos agressivos, e promove comportamentos pró sociais e de relevância adaptativa.
Métodos: Foram observados sete indivíduos da espécie Suricata suricatta em cativeiro, com recurso à observação de comportamentos e registo dos mesmos no etograma da espécie. As observações foram feitas por amostragem focal rotativa com intervalos de 5 minutos, totalizando 10 horas de observação, divididas equitativamente entre pré e pós enriquecimento ambiental.
Resultados: Verificaram-se diferenças significativas nos fatores de personalidade neuroticismo (X2KW(6)=14,894;p=0,021), agradabilidade (X2KW(6)=13,710;p=0,033) e abertura à experiência (X2KW (6)=13,446; p=0,036). A introdução do enriquecimento ambiental registou um aumento significativo nos comportamentos de forragear (Z=-3,846; p<0,001), escavar (Z=-3,813; p<0,001), descansar (Z=-3,548; p<0,001), locomoção (Z=-4,016; p<0,001), brincar (Z =-3,260; p<0,001) e agressividade (Z=-2,164; p=0,015).
Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que os suricatas apresentam diferenças individuais estáveis compatíveis com quatro das cinco dimensões do Big Five, sugerindo a aplicabilidade deste modelo à espécie. O enriquecimento ambiental demonstrou impacto significativo em diversos comportamentos, reforçando a sua importância para o bem-estar animal.
Introduction: In meerkats, it is known that there are two personality factors classified as sympathy and aggressiveness, and a personality trait classified as exploration. It remains to be determined whether there are more personality factors, namely the Big Five that frame human personality. Also, the environmental enrichment of species in captivity is a relevant area of research. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate whether the personality dimensions in meerkats are equivalent to the dimensions of the Big Five model in humans. This study also sought to verify whether environmental enrichment reduces aggressive behaviours and promotes prosocial and of adaptive relevance. Methods: Seven individuals of the species Suricata suricatta were observed in captivity, using behavioural observation and recording of the behaviours in the species ethogram. The observations were made by rotating focal sampling with 5 minute intervals, totaling 10 hours of observation, equally divided between pre and post environmental enrichment. Results: Significant differences were found for the personality factors neuroticism (X2KW(6)=14,894; p=0,021), agreeableness (X2KW(6)=13,710; p=0,033) and openness to experience (X2KW (6)=13,446; p=0,036). Introduction of environmental enrichment was associated with significant increases in foraging (Z = −3.846; p < 0.001), digging (Z = −3.813; p < 0.001), resting (Z = −3.548; p < 0.001) and locomotion (Z = −4.016; p < 0.001), playfulness (Z = −3.260; p < 0.001) and aggression (Z = −2.164; p = 0.015). Conclusion: The results indicate that the meerkats exhibit stable individual differences compatible with three of the five dimensions of the Big Five, suggesting the applicability of this model to the species. Environmental enrichment demonstrated a significant impact on various behaviours, reinforcing its importance for animal welfare.
Introduction: In meerkats, it is known that there are two personality factors classified as sympathy and aggressiveness, and a personality trait classified as exploration. It remains to be determined whether there are more personality factors, namely the Big Five that frame human personality. Also, the environmental enrichment of species in captivity is a relevant area of research. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate whether the personality dimensions in meerkats are equivalent to the dimensions of the Big Five model in humans. This study also sought to verify whether environmental enrichment reduces aggressive behaviours and promotes prosocial and of adaptive relevance. Methods: Seven individuals of the species Suricata suricatta were observed in captivity, using behavioural observation and recording of the behaviours in the species ethogram. The observations were made by rotating focal sampling with 5 minute intervals, totaling 10 hours of observation, equally divided between pre and post environmental enrichment. Results: Significant differences were found for the personality factors neuroticism (X2KW(6)=14,894; p=0,021), agreeableness (X2KW(6)=13,710; p=0,033) and openness to experience (X2KW (6)=13,446; p=0,036). Introduction of environmental enrichment was associated with significant increases in foraging (Z = −3.846; p < 0.001), digging (Z = −3.813; p < 0.001), resting (Z = −3.548; p < 0.001) and locomotion (Z = −4.016; p < 0.001), playfulness (Z = −3.260; p < 0.001) and aggression (Z = −2.164; p = 0.015). Conclusion: The results indicate that the meerkats exhibit stable individual differences compatible with three of the five dimensions of the Big Five, suggesting the applicability of this model to the species. Environmental enrichment demonstrated a significant impact on various behaviours, reinforcing its importance for animal welfare.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Big Five Enriquecimento Ambiental Suricata suricatta Personalidade Animal Observação Comportamental. Big Five Environmental Enrichment Suricata suricatta Animal Personality Behavioural Observation