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Empatia de crianças e adolescentes com TEA: Uma revisão sistemática
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Desde os primórdios da investigação do TEA que esta psicopatologia é caracterizada
por debilidades empáticas. No entanto, novas investigações tendem a desafiar esta ideia ao
avaliarem as dimensões cognitiva e afetiva da empatia. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi
contribuir para um avanço no conhecimento relativamente à empatia de crianças e adolescentes
com TEA, sintetizando resultados de estudos que avaliaram a empatia cognitiva e afetiva desta
população. Para isso, foram seguidas as matrizes do PRISMA. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de
literatura em janeiro de 2023 nas plataformas Scopus, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles,
MEDLINE e ERIC. Foram encontrados 419 resultados. Destes, foram incluídos 11 estudos,
todos realizados em países ocidentais, compreendendo 690 participantes com uma média de
13,2 anos, 88,5 % de participantes masculinos e 11,5 % femininos. Os resultados principais
descrevem uma população TEA com debilidades na empatia cognitiva e com uma empatia
afetiva intacta, que confirmam a necessidade de um novo olhar sobre as características
empáticas desta população. Dos 11 estudos, oito avaliaram adicionais psicopatologias, e 10
estudos apresentaram uma amostra com uma média de idades superior a 10 anos (término da
idade infantil). Esta poderá ser uma limitação da revisão, assim como o reduzido número de
estudos incluídos e a sua baixa representação feminina. A presente revisão sistemática atua em
resposta à escassez investigacional do TEA, e contribui para uma renovação da literatura ao
sugerir a existência de uma tendência para a caracterização imprecisa das capacidades
empáticas de pessoas com TEA.
ABSTRACT: Since the origins of ASD literature that this psychopathology is characterized by emphatic deficiencies. However, new investigations have been challenging this idea by assessing the cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy. Therefore, the objective of this review was to contribute to progress in the field of empathic capabilities of children and adolescents with ASD, by summarising the results of multiple studies that measured the cognitive and affective empathy of this group of people. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Scopus, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, MEDLINE and ERIC were searched for studies in January 2023, and 419 results were found. 11 studies, all conducted on western countries, comprising 690 participants with a mean age of 13,2 years and a percentage of 88,5 % male participants and 11,5 % female participants, were included in the review. Results showed that children and adolescents with ASD exhibit deficits in cognitive empathy while maintaining an intact affective empathy, thus confirming the need of a new look into the empathic capabilities of these population. Eight of the 11 studies assessed additional psychopathologies, and 10 studies had a sample with a mean age over 10 years (end of childhood). This could be a limitation of the review, in addition to the low number of included studies and their low female representation. This systematic review is a reaction to the limited number of TEA investigations and contributes to a literature renewal by suggesting a tendency to inaccurately characterize the empathic capabilities of people with ASD.
ABSTRACT: Since the origins of ASD literature that this psychopathology is characterized by emphatic deficiencies. However, new investigations have been challenging this idea by assessing the cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy. Therefore, the objective of this review was to contribute to progress in the field of empathic capabilities of children and adolescents with ASD, by summarising the results of multiple studies that measured the cognitive and affective empathy of this group of people. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Scopus, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, MEDLINE and ERIC were searched for studies in January 2023, and 419 results were found. 11 studies, all conducted on western countries, comprising 690 participants with a mean age of 13,2 years and a percentage of 88,5 % male participants and 11,5 % female participants, were included in the review. Results showed that children and adolescents with ASD exhibit deficits in cognitive empathy while maintaining an intact affective empathy, thus confirming the need of a new look into the empathic capabilities of these population. Eight of the 11 studies assessed additional psychopathologies, and 10 studies had a sample with a mean age over 10 years (end of childhood). This could be a limitation of the review, in addition to the low number of included studies and their low female representation. This systematic review is a reaction to the limited number of TEA investigations and contributes to a literature renewal by suggesting a tendency to inaccurately characterize the empathic capabilities of people with ASD.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a
orientação de Professora Doutora Eva Diniz,
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Transtorno do espectro autista Empatia cognitiva Empatia afetiva Crianças Adolescentes Revisão sistemática Autism spectrum disorder Cognitive empathy Affective empathy Children Adolescents Systematic review