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Publication
“Defeito ou feitio?” O sexismo e a personalidade de estudantes universitários e a sua relação com crenças de violência sexual
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Abstract(s)
A Organização Mundial de Saúde define a violência sexual como um leque de ações, com vários graus, que pode variar deste o assédio verbal até à penetração forçada. Pode ocorrer a partir do uso de força física, intimidação, incapacidade da vítima para consentir, pressão social e coerção. A violência sexual trata-se de uma problemática de saúde pública, pode incorrer em qualquer contexto e tem como principal vítima, as mulheres. A presente investigação foi desenvolvida na tentativa de contribuir para a literatura desta temática a partir de um método quantitativo e foi conduzida com uma amostra de estudantes universitários (n = 166). Tem como objetivo entender os níveis de Sexismo Ambivalente, Traços de Personalidade e Crenças de Violência Sexual neste grupo, e a maneira como estas duas primeiras variáveis se podem relacionar com a terceira. Para tal, os dados utilizados foram recolhidos através da aplicação, via online, do Inventário de Personalidade de 10 Itens – Versão Portuguesa (TIPI-P), da Escala de Crenças de Violência Sexual (ECVS) e Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente (ASI). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, houve diferenças entre sexos e cursos universitários, em todas as variáveis. Os homens apresentaram níveis superiores em todos os tipos de Sexismo, comparativamente às mulheres. Relativamente aos cursos, existem diferenças significativas, verificando-se que Economia apresenta níveis superiores de Sexismo Ambivalente, comparativamente a Psicologia e que Engenharia apresenta níveis superiores de Sexismo Hostil, comparativamente a Psicologia. Nos Traços de Personalidade, existem diferenças significativas entre sexos, sendo que as mulheres apresentaram níveis superiores de Amabilidade e os homens níveis superiores de Neuroticismo. Nos cursos, Psicologia apresentou níveis inferiores de Extroversão, comparativamente a Direito. No que toca às Crenças de Violência Sexual, os homens apresentaram mais crenças legitimadoras de violência sexual. No que concerne aos cursos, foram encontradas diferenças significativas em vários cursos, tanto no score total como nos cinco fatores da escala. Por fim, tanto o Sexismo Ambivalente como os Traços de Personalidade apresentaram relação com as Crenças de Violência Sexual. No entanto, a variável do Sexismo Ambivalente foi a única que revelou capacidade preditiva para as mesmas.
The World Health Organization defines sexual violence as variety of actions, with many levels, that can vary from verbal harassment to forced penetration. It can happen through use of physical force, intimidation, incapacity of victim to consent, social pressure and coercion. Sexual violence is a public health problem, it can happen in any context and has as its main victim, women. This investigation was developed in hopes to contribute to the literature regarding this subject through a quantitative method and it was conducted with a sample of university students (N=166). It aims to understand the levels of Ambivalent Sexism and Personality Traits and in which way both variables can be related to the Sexual Violence Beliefs present in this sample. For this, the data was collected in a previous study, through online application of the 10 Item Personality Inventory – Portuguese Version (TIPI-P), the Sexual Violence Beliefs Scale (ECVS) and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). The results showed that there were significant differences between sexes and university courses, in all variables. Men presented higher scores, on all kinds of Sexism, in comparison with women. When it came to university courses, the results showed significant differences, not only did Economy scored higher on Ambivalent Sexism, in contrast with Psychology, but Engineering also scored higher on Hostile Sexism, in comparison with Psychology as well. Regarding Personality Traits, there were significant differences between the sexes, where women scored higher on Agreeableness and men scored higher on Neuroticism. Concerning courses, Psychology scored lower on Extroversion, compared with Law. In the matter of Sexual Violence Beliefs, men showed more beliefs that legitimate sexual violence. When it comes to university courses, there were significant differences in various courses, not only on the score in total but also in all five factors of the scale. Finally, both Ambivalent Sexism and Personality Traits showed correlation with Sexual Violence Beliefs. However, the variable Ambivalent Sexism was the only variable that showed predictive power on those same beliefs.
The World Health Organization defines sexual violence as variety of actions, with many levels, that can vary from verbal harassment to forced penetration. It can happen through use of physical force, intimidation, incapacity of victim to consent, social pressure and coercion. Sexual violence is a public health problem, it can happen in any context and has as its main victim, women. This investigation was developed in hopes to contribute to the literature regarding this subject through a quantitative method and it was conducted with a sample of university students (N=166). It aims to understand the levels of Ambivalent Sexism and Personality Traits and in which way both variables can be related to the Sexual Violence Beliefs present in this sample. For this, the data was collected in a previous study, through online application of the 10 Item Personality Inventory – Portuguese Version (TIPI-P), the Sexual Violence Beliefs Scale (ECVS) and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI). The results showed that there were significant differences between sexes and university courses, in all variables. Men presented higher scores, on all kinds of Sexism, in comparison with women. When it came to university courses, the results showed significant differences, not only did Economy scored higher on Ambivalent Sexism, in contrast with Psychology, but Engineering also scored higher on Hostile Sexism, in comparison with Psychology as well. Regarding Personality Traits, there were significant differences between the sexes, where women scored higher on Agreeableness and men scored higher on Neuroticism. Concerning courses, Psychology scored lower on Extroversion, compared with Law. In the matter of Sexual Violence Beliefs, men showed more beliefs that legitimate sexual violence. When it comes to university courses, there were significant differences in various courses, not only on the score in total but also in all five factors of the scale. Finally, both Ambivalent Sexism and Personality Traits showed correlation with Sexual Violence Beliefs. However, the variable Ambivalent Sexism was the only variable that showed predictive power on those same beliefs.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Forense.
Keywords
Violência sexual Crenças de violência sexual Sexismo ambivalente Traços de personalidade Sexual violence Sexual violence beliefs Ambivalent sexism Personality traits
Citation
Rodrigues, A. C. (2024). “Defeito ou feitio?” O sexismo e a personalidade de estudantes universitários e a sua relação com crenças de violência sexual [Dissertação de Mestrado]. ISPA - Instituto Universitário.