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Publication
O ter e o fazer da personalidade no bem estar : traços disposicionais e projectos pessoais na produção do bem-estar psicológico numa amostra de seniores
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O facto de as pessoas viverem mais tempo exige que se continue a investigar sobre o
que contribui para o seu bem-estar. A personalidade, numa perspectiva integrativa, demonstra
ser um aspecto relevante. Baseando-se no modelo ecológico-social de desenvolvimento humano,
o objectivo deste estudo é explorar de que modo os diferentes níveis de análise da personalidade
se articulam na produção de bem-estar. Especificamente, procurou-se confirmar o
efeito directo dos traços disposicionais (de acordo com o modelo dos cinco factores) no bemestar
psicológico (BEP), e estudar em que medida os projectos pessoais medeiam e/ou moderam
a relação entre traços disposicionais e o BEP. 100 participantes (81% mulheres;
M=71.81; DP=5.23) preencheram o NEO Five-Factor Inventory, o Personal Projects Analisys
e a Psychological Well-Being Scale (instrumentos de auto-relato que avaliam os traços
disposicionais, projectos pessoais e BEP, respectivamente). Os resultados confirmam o efeito
directo dos traços disposicionais no BEP, mas não o efeito indirecto. Os cinco domínios da
personalidade emergiram como predictores das dimensões domínio do meio, relações positivas
com outros, objectivos na vida e aceitação de si. Com a excepção da amabilidade, os restantes
quatro domínios da personalidade surgiram como predictores do BEPGlobal. Encontraram-
se, ainda, efeitos de interacção entre alguns domínios da personalidade (extroversão,
abertura à experiência) e número de projectos pessoais na produção de BEPGlobal. Estes resultados
contribuem para o actual conhecimento no âmbito do bem-estar e informam acerca da
relação entre as variáveis da personalidade e o BEP, demonstrando o papel predictivo dos traços
disposicionais e o papel moderador dos projectos pessoais.
Increasing life expectancy requires continued investigation on the factors that contribute to people’s well-being. Personality, in its integrative perspective, has shown to be a relevant aspect. Based on the socioecological model of human development, the purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which the different levels of analysis of personality articulate to promote well-being. Particularly, it aimed to confirm the direct effect of dispositional traits (according to the Five-Factor Model) on psychological well-being (PWB), and to study the extent to which personal projects mediate and/or moderate the relationship between dispositional traits and PWB. 100 participants (81% female; M=71.81; DP=5.23) filled out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Personal Projects Analysis and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (self-report instruments that measure dispositional traits, personal projects and PWB respectively). Results confirm the direct effect of the dispositional traits on PWB, but not the indirect effect. The five personality domains emerged as predictors of the dimensions environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. With the exception of agreeableness, the remaining four personality domains emerged as predictors of global PWB. Also, interaction effects were found between some personality domains (extroversion, openness to experience) and number of personal projects on global PWB promotion. These outcomes contribute to the current knowledge on well-being and bring further information on the relation between personality and PWB, demonstrating the predictive role of dispositional traits and the moderating role of personal projects.
Increasing life expectancy requires continued investigation on the factors that contribute to people’s well-being. Personality, in its integrative perspective, has shown to be a relevant aspect. Based on the socioecological model of human development, the purpose of this study is to explore the ways in which the different levels of analysis of personality articulate to promote well-being. Particularly, it aimed to confirm the direct effect of dispositional traits (according to the Five-Factor Model) on psychological well-being (PWB), and to study the extent to which personal projects mediate and/or moderate the relationship between dispositional traits and PWB. 100 participants (81% female; M=71.81; DP=5.23) filled out the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Personal Projects Analysis and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (self-report instruments that measure dispositional traits, personal projects and PWB respectively). Results confirm the direct effect of the dispositional traits on PWB, but not the indirect effect. The five personality domains emerged as predictors of the dimensions environmental mastery, positive relations with others, purpose in life and self-acceptance. With the exception of agreeableness, the remaining four personality domains emerged as predictors of global PWB. Also, interaction effects were found between some personality domains (extroversion, openness to experience) and number of personal projects on global PWB promotion. These outcomes contribute to the current knowledge on well-being and bring further information on the relation between personality and PWB, demonstrating the predictive role of dispositional traits and the moderating role of personal projects.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada
no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade
de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Personalidade, Traços disposicionais Projectos pessoais Bem-estar psicológico Modelo sócio-ecológico do desenvolvimento humano Personality Dispositional traits Personal projects Psychological well-being Socioecological model of human development