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A qualidade da amizade e as suas implicações no autoconceito em crianças do 3º e 4º ano
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Abstract(s)
As investigações têm sugerido que o desenvolvimento do autoconceito resulta de uma construção social criada a partir das interacções que se estabelecem com os outros significativos para a criança. Neste sentido, as relações de amizade podem ser significativas para as crianças ao fornecerem ajuda, apoio social, suporte, conforto emocional e feedback positivo acerca do comportamento e desempenho.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a qualidade das relações de amizade que as crianças de 8 anos estabelecem e as suas perceções sobre as diversas dimensões do autoconceito aos 9 anos. Adicionalmente, tentou-se também compreender se existiam diferenças de género nos dois construtos. Participaram neste estudo 135 crianças do 3º e 4º ano de uma escola primária. O autoconceito foi avaliado a partir da adaptação portuguesa da escala Self-Perception Profile for Children – SPPA (Harter,1985). Para avaliar a qualidade da amizade utilizou-se o questionário de autopreenchimento, adaptado para a população portuguesa, “Friendship Quality Questionnaire” - FQQ (Parker & Asher, 1993).
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que quase todas as subescalas da qualidade de amizade estão significativamente e positivamente correlacionadas com a dimensão comportamento do autoconceito, com a excepção do companheirismo e recriação. O companheirismo e recriação estão significativamente correlacionados com a dimensão competência atlética. De igual forma, quanto maior for a validação e cuidado nas amizades das crianças, maior será a sua auto-estima global. Por outro lado também se verificaram diferenças significativas de género em algumas subescalas de ambos os construtos.
Research has suggested that the development of self-concept results from a social construction created from the interactions that are established with the individuals significant for the child. Therefore, friendly relationships can be meaningful for children by providing help, social support, support, emotional comfort and positive feedback about behavior and performance. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between friendship quality in 8-years-old children and their perceptions about different dimensions of self-concept at 9 years old. Additionally, an attempt was also made to understand whether there were sex differences in the two constructs. Participated in this study were 135 children from the 3rd and 4th grade of a primary school. The self-concept was assessed through the Portuguese adaptation of the Self-Perception Profile for Children – SPPA (Harter,1985). To assess the quality of friendship, the self-administered questionnaire “Friendship Quality Questionnaire” - FQQ (Parker & Asher, 1993) was used, adapted for the Portuguese population. Results demonstrated that almost all subscales of the quality of friendship were significantly and positively correlated with the behavior dimension of self-concept, with the exception of companionship and recreation. Companionship and recreation were significantly correlated with the athletic competence dimension. Also, the greater the validation and caregiving in children's friendships, the greater their global self-esteem. On the other hand, there was also significant sex differences in same subscales of both constructs.
Research has suggested that the development of self-concept results from a social construction created from the interactions that are established with the individuals significant for the child. Therefore, friendly relationships can be meaningful for children by providing help, social support, support, emotional comfort and positive feedback about behavior and performance. The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between friendship quality in 8-years-old children and their perceptions about different dimensions of self-concept at 9 years old. Additionally, an attempt was also made to understand whether there were sex differences in the two constructs. Participated in this study were 135 children from the 3rd and 4th grade of a primary school. The self-concept was assessed through the Portuguese adaptation of the Self-Perception Profile for Children – SPPA (Harter,1985). To assess the quality of friendship, the self-administered questionnaire “Friendship Quality Questionnaire” - FQQ (Parker & Asher, 1993) was used, adapted for the Portuguese population. Results demonstrated that almost all subscales of the quality of friendship were significantly and positively correlated with the behavior dimension of self-concept, with the exception of companionship and recreation. Companionship and recreation were significantly correlated with the athletic competence dimension. Also, the greater the validation and caregiving in children's friendships, the greater their global self-esteem. On the other hand, there was also significant sex differences in same subscales of both constructs.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Qualidade da amizade Relações de amizade Autoconceito Autoperceção Infância Friendship quality Friendship Self-concept Self-perception Childhood