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Vinculação e vulnerabilidade para a dependência de substâncias: O papel da regulação emocional
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar de que forma o estatuto socioeconómico percebido influencia o desempenho cognitivo em contextos normativos. Partindo dos contributos de Garcia-Marques et al. (2023), Piff et al. (2012) e Kraus et al. (2009), pretendeu-se compreender como diferenças de poder e estatuto social moldam a sensibilidade a normas, regras e constrangimentos simbólicos, de modo a afetar a eficácia cognitiva em tarefas abstratas. Para este efeito, foi conduzido um estudo experimental com 137 participantes, distribuídos aleatoriamente por duas condições de manipulação de estatuto, sendo uma a perceção de estatuto socioeconómico mais elevado vs. mais baixo, com base na MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status.
Os participantes realizaram uma tarefa de matrizes inspiradas no formato de Raven, compostas por símbolos deônticos e não deônticos, criados para o efeito deste estudo. Os resultados confirmaram a eficácia da manipulação do estatuto percebido e evidenciaram a influência do tipo de símbolo no desempenho cognitivo. Verificou-se que participantes de estatuto elevado adotaram uma postura mais exploratória, enquanto os de estatuto mais baixo mostraram maior sensibilidade a normas.
Os resultados contribuíram para uma compreensão mais integrada das relações entre normas, poder e cognição. Sentir-se poderoso diminui a sensibilidade ao contexto, levando a que num contexto associado às normas sociais a sensação de maior poder induz menor investimento na tarefa do que num contexto sem normas sociais. Possivelmente, estes contextos levam a que os indivíduos assumam o contornar ou ignorar regras, prejudicando o seu desempenho nesta tarefa.
The present study aimed to investigate how perceived socioeconomic status influences cognitive performance in normative contexts. Based on the contributions of Garcia-Marques et al. (2023), Piff et al. (2012), and Kraus et al. (2009), we sought to understand how differences in power and social status shape sensitivity to norms, rules, and symbolic constraints, thereby affecting cognitive efficacy in abstract tasks. To this end, an experimental study was conducted with 137 participants, randomly assigned to two status manipulation conditions, one being the perception of higher vs. lower socioeconomic status, based on the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status. Participants performed a Raven-inspired matrix task composed of deontic and non-deontic symbols created for the purpose of this study. The results confirmed the effectiveness of perceived status manipulation and highlighted the influence of symbol type on cognitive performance. It was found that participants with high status adopted a more exploratory stance, while those with lower status showed greater sensitivity to norms. The results contributed to a more integrated understanding of the relationships between norms, power, and cognition. Feeling powerful decreases sensitivity to context, leading to a situation where, in a context associated with social norms, the feeling of greater power induces less investment in the task than in a context without social norms. Possibly, these contexts lead individuals to circumvent or ignore rules, impairing their performance in this task.
The present study aimed to investigate how perceived socioeconomic status influences cognitive performance in normative contexts. Based on the contributions of Garcia-Marques et al. (2023), Piff et al. (2012), and Kraus et al. (2009), we sought to understand how differences in power and social status shape sensitivity to norms, rules, and symbolic constraints, thereby affecting cognitive efficacy in abstract tasks. To this end, an experimental study was conducted with 137 participants, randomly assigned to two status manipulation conditions, one being the perception of higher vs. lower socioeconomic status, based on the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social Status. Participants performed a Raven-inspired matrix task composed of deontic and non-deontic symbols created for the purpose of this study. The results confirmed the effectiveness of perceived status manipulation and highlighted the influence of symbol type on cognitive performance. It was found that participants with high status adopted a more exploratory stance, while those with lower status showed greater sensitivity to norms. The results contributed to a more integrated understanding of the relationships between norms, power, and cognition. Feeling powerful decreases sensitivity to context, leading to a situation where, in a context associated with social norms, the feeling of greater power induces less investment in the task than in a context without social norms. Possibly, these contexts lead individuals to circumvent or ignore rules, impairing their performance in this task.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa - Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Estilos de vinculação Regulação emocional Desregulação emocional Dependência Socioeconomic status Perception of power Social cognition Deontic norms