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A depressão na criança: Percepção das relações familiares na criança, na mãe e no pai – 5 estudos de caso
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Abstract(s)
A depressão na criança obteve o seu devido reconhecimento apenas a partir da segunda metade do século XX. Ainda assim, observa-se que na literatura tem-se atribuído menos relevância ao estudo da depressão na infância comparativamente com a depressão na adolescência e adultícia. Atendendo à importância do contexto familiar no âmbito do desenvolvimento e manutenção do sofrimento depressivo na criança, o presente estudo tem como objectivo principal identificar e descrever a percepção das relações familiares em crianças diagnosticadas com uma organização depressiva, na mãe e no pai, de forma a contribuir para uma maior compreensão do funcionamento familiar destas crianças. Este estudo é constituído por cinco crianças com diagnóstico de depressão com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e os 10 anos, três crianças pertencem ao sexo masculino e duas ao sexo feminino e as respectivas figuras parentais. Utilizou-se o método de Estudo de Caso múltiplo, exploratório e os instrumentos seguintes: Desenho Livre, Desenho da Figura Humana (Machover, 1978), Desenho da Família (Corman, 2003), Inventário de Depressão para Crianças (Marujo, 1995), Teste de Relações Familiares, Versão Crianças (Bene, 1985), Teste de Relações Familiares, Versão Casais (Bene, 1976), As Aventuras de Pata-Negra (Corman, 2001) e, ainda, duas entrevistas semi-directivas, uma destinada aos pais e outra às crianças. Os resultados sugerem a percepção de uma relação dependente com uma figura materna deprimida ou fálica aliada a uma figura paterna demitida da sua função parental e/ou deprimida, ambas culpabilizadas, sentidas como punitivas e pouco disponíveis face às necessidades afectivas da criança, resultando numa falha de confirmação narcísica, não permitindo à criança sentir-se valorizada na experiência de individuação e autonomia.
Child depression was recognized only from the second half of the twentieth century. However, it is observed that the literature gives less importance to the study of childhood depression compared with depression in adolescence and adulthood. Considering the importance of the family context to the development and maintenance of depressive disorder in children, the main goal of the present study is to identify and describe the perception of family relations in children diagnosed with a depressive organization, in mother and father, to contribute for a better understanding of family functioning of these children. This study assessed five children diagnosed with depression with ages between seven and ten years old, three children were males and two were females and their parental figures. We used the Case Study method multiple, exploratory and the following instruments: Non-thematic Drawing, Human Figure Drawing (Machover, 1978), Family Drawing (Corman, 2003), Children’s Depression Inventory (Marujo, 1995), Family Relations Test, Children’s Version (Bene, 1985), Family Relations Test, Married Couples’ Version (Bene, 1976), PN Test (Corman, 2001) and also two semi-structured interviews, one for parents and one for children. The results suggest the perception of a dependent relationship with a depressed or phallic mother figure allied to a father figure dismissed from their parental function or depressed, both blamed, perceived as punitive and less available for the child’s emotional needs, resulting in failure of narcissic confirmation, not allowing the child to feel valued in the experience of individuation and autonomy.
Child depression was recognized only from the second half of the twentieth century. However, it is observed that the literature gives less importance to the study of childhood depression compared with depression in adolescence and adulthood. Considering the importance of the family context to the development and maintenance of depressive disorder in children, the main goal of the present study is to identify and describe the perception of family relations in children diagnosed with a depressive organization, in mother and father, to contribute for a better understanding of family functioning of these children. This study assessed five children diagnosed with depression with ages between seven and ten years old, three children were males and two were females and their parental figures. We used the Case Study method multiple, exploratory and the following instruments: Non-thematic Drawing, Human Figure Drawing (Machover, 1978), Family Drawing (Corman, 2003), Children’s Depression Inventory (Marujo, 1995), Family Relations Test, Children’s Version (Bene, 1985), Family Relations Test, Married Couples’ Version (Bene, 1976), PN Test (Corman, 2001) and also two semi-structured interviews, one for parents and one for children. The results suggest the perception of a dependent relationship with a depressed or phallic mother figure allied to a father figure dismissed from their parental function or depressed, both blamed, perceived as punitive and less available for the child’s emotional needs, resulting in failure of narcissic confirmation, not allowing the child to feel valued in the experience of individuation and autonomy.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade em Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Percepção Relações familiares Depressão na criança Perception Family relations Child depression