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Fatores de mudança psicoterapĂȘutica em psicoterapia existencial: A perspetiva do paciente
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Abstract(s)
Objetivo: No Ăąmbito da abordagem fenomenolĂłgico-existencial, este estudo tem como principal objetivo recolher as perspetivas do paciente para permitir, no final da terapia, compreender e avaliar os fatores de intervenção psicolĂłgica que contribuĂram para as mudanças psicoterapĂȘuticas.
MĂ©todo: Realizou-se uma anĂĄlise aprofundada das caracterĂsticas de nove participantes que frequentaram um total de sessĂ”es de psicoterapia de base existencial que variou entre dezoito e cento e oitenta e cinco sessĂ”es terapĂȘuticas, com a periodicidade de uma vez por semana, um intervalo de duração entre seis meses e quatro anos, e cujo tĂ©rmino da terapia Ă data da recolha dos dados se situou entre um dia e mais de trĂȘs anos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionĂĄrio com duas dimensĂ”es, a sociodemogrĂĄfica e a intervenção psicolĂłgica, e a realização duma entrevista qualitativa fenomenolĂłgica, semiestruturada, com base no objeto de estudo. Estes dados foram analisados de acordo com a metodologia fenomenolĂłgica de Giorgi (2009).
Resultados: Verificou-se satisfação com os resultados terapĂȘuticos decorrentes de seis mudanças psicoterapĂȘuticas identificadas pelos participantes: maior consciencialização de padrĂ”es pessoais ou cognitivos; maior predisposição para estarem atentos a si e Ă sua vida; mais significados e sentimentos positivos na vida; sentimento de mais confiança em si prĂłprio; facilitação dos processos de tomada de decisĂŁo; e aumento do bem-estar psicolĂłgico. Estas mudanças ocorreram devido a determinados fatores de intervenção psicolĂłgica associados Ă relação terapĂȘutica e ao efeito das intervençÔes do terapeuta.
ConclusĂŁo: Este tipo de investigação ainda Ă© recente e, apesar da identificação de algumas limitaçÔes do estudo, considera-se que os objetivos propostos foram alcançados e que os resultados vĂŁo de encontro Ă literatura consultada. Assim, pensamos que oferecemos um contributo Ă comunidade cientĂfica, ajudando a uma melhor adaptação e melhoria das intervençÔes terapĂȘuticas.
Aim: In the context of existential-phenomenological therapy the main aim of this study is to gather information by the end of the therapy from the patientâs point of view to understand and assess psychological intervention factors that contributed to psychotherapeutic changes. Method: This study makes a deep analysis of the characteristics of nine participants who attended a number of existential therapeutic sessions varying between eighteen and a hundred and eighty-five, on a weekly basis, extending from six months to four years, ranging between one day and more than three years from the end of the therapy and the day data were collected. The instruments used were a two dimension questionnaire, sociodemographic and psychological intervention, and a semi-structured, phenomenological and qualitative interview according to the subject of study. These data were analyzed on the basis of the phenomenological method of Giorgi (2009). Results: There was satisfaction with the therapeutic results derived from six psychotherapeutic changes identified by the participants: higher awareness of personal and cognitive patterns; better disposition to know themselves and their lives; more positive feelings and meanings in life; more confidence feelings about themselves; simplification of the decision taking procedures; and an increase of their psychological well-being. These changes happened due to specific psychological intervention factors related with the therapeutic relationship and the effect of the therapist`s intervention. Conclusion: This type of investigation is still recent, and despite the identification of some limitations, it is considered that the goals set up for this study have been achieved, and the results obtained are in accordance with the consulted studies. Thus, we think that we may give an input to the scientific community, helping to achieve a better adaptation and improvement of therapeutic interventions.
Aim: In the context of existential-phenomenological therapy the main aim of this study is to gather information by the end of the therapy from the patientâs point of view to understand and assess psychological intervention factors that contributed to psychotherapeutic changes. Method: This study makes a deep analysis of the characteristics of nine participants who attended a number of existential therapeutic sessions varying between eighteen and a hundred and eighty-five, on a weekly basis, extending from six months to four years, ranging between one day and more than three years from the end of the therapy and the day data were collected. The instruments used were a two dimension questionnaire, sociodemographic and psychological intervention, and a semi-structured, phenomenological and qualitative interview according to the subject of study. These data were analyzed on the basis of the phenomenological method of Giorgi (2009). Results: There was satisfaction with the therapeutic results derived from six psychotherapeutic changes identified by the participants: higher awareness of personal and cognitive patterns; better disposition to know themselves and their lives; more positive feelings and meanings in life; more confidence feelings about themselves; simplification of the decision taking procedures; and an increase of their psychological well-being. These changes happened due to specific psychological intervention factors related with the therapeutic relationship and the effect of the therapist`s intervention. Conclusion: This type of investigation is still recent, and despite the identification of some limitations, it is considered that the goals set up for this study have been achieved, and the results obtained are in accordance with the consulted studies. Thus, we think that we may give an input to the scientific community, helping to achieve a better adaptation and improvement of therapeutic interventions.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA â Instituto UniversitĂĄrio, CiĂȘncias PsicolĂłgicas Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClĂnica, conforme
Keywords
Investigação em psicoterapia Psicoterapia existencial Fatores de mudança psicoterapĂȘutica Perspectiva do paciente MĂ©todo fenomenolĂłgico Psychotherapy research Existential psychotherapy Psychotherapeutic change factors Patient perspective Phenomenological method