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Emoções à flor da pele: O papel das dificuldades de regulação emocional na relação empatia-agressão na população reclusa portuguesa feminina e masculina
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O presente estudo procurou dar resposta às questões “Existem diferenças entre reclusos/as
portugueses/as nos níveis de agressão, empatia e dificuldades de regulação emocional?” e
“Como se relacionam a agressão, empatia e dificuldades de regulação emocional numa
amostra de reclusos/as portugueses/as?”.
Recorrendo a uma amostra de 281 homens e 88 mulheres, utilizaram-se medidas de
autorrelato para avaliar os construtos de empatia, dificuldades de regulação emocional e
agressão.
Os resultados revelaram diferenças significativas entre reclusos e reclusas somente nos
níveis de empatia global, empatia cognitiva e agressão física. Mulheres pontuaram de modo
significativamente superior nestas medidas de empatia, enquanto os homens evidenciaram
níveis significativamente mais elevados de agressão física.
Foi detetada uma correlação direta significativa entre a empatia e a agressão na
subamostra masculina, efeito inexistente ao nível da amostra total e da subamostra feminina.
De modo geral, detetaram-se correlações significativas entre agressão e dificuldades de
regulação emocional e entre esta última e empatia, incluindo as várias facetas de cada
construto. As dificuldades de regulação emocional mediaram positiva e significativamente a
relação entre empatia e agressão. Este efeito estendeu-se às dimensões afetiva e cognitiva
(esta apenas na amostra total) da empatia.
Estas evidências sugerem que a empatia representa, na verdade, um fator de risco para a
agressão, através do efeito das dificuldades de regulação emocional, o que tem implicações
relevantes perante a intervenção realizada junto desta população, que até agora via a empatia
enquanto fator de proteção, salientando-se a necessidade de uma personalização deste
trabalho, maximizando o potencial de cada indivíduo
ABSTRACT: This study sought to answer the following research questions: "Are there differences between Portuguese male and female inmates in their levels of aggression, empathy and difficulties in emotion regulation?" and "How are aggression, empathy and difficulties in emotion regulation related in a Portuguese sample of male and female inmates?". Using a sample of 281 men and 88 women, self-report measures were used to assess empathy, difficulties in emotion regulation and aggression. The results revealed significant differences between male and female inmates only in their levels of global empathy, cognitive empathy and physical aggression. Women scored significantly higher on these empathy measures, while men showed significantly higher levels of physical aggression. A direct significant correlation was detected between empathy and aggression in the male sub-sample, an effect that did not exist in the total sample and the female sub-sample. In general, significant correlations were found between aggression and emotion regulation difficulties and between the latter and empathy, including the various facets of each construct. Difficulties in emotion regulation mediated positively and significantly the relationship between empathy and aggression. This effect extended to the affective and cognitive dimensions (the latter only in the total sample) of empathy. This evidence suggests that empathy actually represents a risk factor for aggression, through the effect of emotion regulation difficulties, which has relevant implications for the intervention carried out with this population, which until now has seen empathy as a protective factor, thus highlighting the need to personalise this work, maximising the potential of each individual.
ABSTRACT: This study sought to answer the following research questions: "Are there differences between Portuguese male and female inmates in their levels of aggression, empathy and difficulties in emotion regulation?" and "How are aggression, empathy and difficulties in emotion regulation related in a Portuguese sample of male and female inmates?". Using a sample of 281 men and 88 women, self-report measures were used to assess empathy, difficulties in emotion regulation and aggression. The results revealed significant differences between male and female inmates only in their levels of global empathy, cognitive empathy and physical aggression. Women scored significantly higher on these empathy measures, while men showed significantly higher levels of physical aggression. A direct significant correlation was detected between empathy and aggression in the male sub-sample, an effect that did not exist in the total sample and the female sub-sample. In general, significant correlations were found between aggression and emotion regulation difficulties and between the latter and empathy, including the various facets of each construct. Difficulties in emotion regulation mediated positively and significantly the relationship between empathy and aggression. This effect extended to the affective and cognitive dimensions (the latter only in the total sample) of empathy. This evidence suggests that empathy actually represents a risk factor for aggression, through the effect of emotion regulation difficulties, which has relevant implications for the intervention carried out with this population, which until now has seen empathy as a protective factor, thus highlighting the need to personalise this work, maximising the potential of each individual.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção
de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Forense
Keywords
Agressão Empatia Dificuldades de regulação emocional Diferenças de sexo/género. Aggression Empathy Emotion regulation difficulties Sex/gender differences