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Alfabetização e escola em Portugal no século XX: Censos Nacionais e estudos de caso
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objectivo deste artigo é o de contribuir para a
compreensão da forma como durante este século, se
construíram em Portugal os processos de alfabetização
e de escolarização.
Na primeira parte, comparamos as taxas de alfabetização e de escolarização portuguesas com as mesmas
taxas referentes a outras sociedades europeias e de seguida
analisamos e discutimos os resultados forecidos
pelos Censos Populacionais compreendidos entre
os anos de 1900 e 1960, concluindo que até A primeira
metade deste século os portugueses acederam ao mundo
das letras de uma forma autónoma e informal, negligenciando
em parte as formas de escolarização estandardizadas. Na segunda parte deste artigo, introduzimos um
estudo de caso referente a uma freguesia rural de Ferreira
do Zêzere, analisando os percursos de alfabetização
e de escolarização em três gerações nascidas entre
1888 e 1969, e relacionando tais percursos com o
género, estatuto social e formas de mobilidade social.
Procurámos também fixar e comparar as imagens
sociais relativas A escola e A sua relação com o trabalho,
tempos livres e rotinas do quotidiano em duas gerações
(«avós» e «netos»), tentando demonstrar que
questões relativas A evolução dos processos de
alfabetização e de escolarização têm que necessariamente
ser relacionadas com transformações sociais e
económicas mais gerais e complexas.
The purpose of this paper is to understand and analyse the ways literacy and schooling were implemented in the Portuguese society during the twentieth century. In the first part of it. we compared the Portuguese literacy and schooling rates whit other European countries and societies, and then analysed and discussed the data given by the Portuguese population Census from 1900 to 1960, concluding that until the fourth decade of this Century an important part of Portuguese people became literate autonomously, i.e. not using compulsory school in a standard way. In the second part of this paper we studied population samples of three generations of a rural village of Portugal, the freguesia do Beco in Ferreira do Zêzere, that were bom between 1888 and 1969, reconstructing the evolution of their literacy and schooling levels and relating it with professional mobility, gender and social status. We also tried to establish the social images of literacy, school and their relationship with child's work, leisure and daily routines in two generations (grand parents and grand sons) and analyse the changes that occurred in this period of time, showing that the process of schooling and literacy has to be understood under a broader social and historic perspective in which literacy rates and their evolution are only one of the aspects to be considered.
The purpose of this paper is to understand and analyse the ways literacy and schooling were implemented in the Portuguese society during the twentieth century. In the first part of it. we compared the Portuguese literacy and schooling rates whit other European countries and societies, and then analysed and discussed the data given by the Portuguese population Census from 1900 to 1960, concluding that until the fourth decade of this Century an important part of Portuguese people became literate autonomously, i.e. not using compulsory school in a standard way. In the second part of this paper we studied population samples of three generations of a rural village of Portugal, the freguesia do Beco in Ferreira do Zêzere, that were bom between 1888 and 1969, reconstructing the evolution of their literacy and schooling levels and relating it with professional mobility, gender and social status. We also tried to establish the social images of literacy, school and their relationship with child's work, leisure and daily routines in two generations (grand parents and grand sons) and analyse the changes that occurred in this period of time, showing that the process of schooling and literacy has to be understood under a broader social and historic perspective in which literacy rates and their evolution are only one of the aspects to be considered.
Description
Keywords
História da educação Escolarização Alfabetização History of education Literacy Schooling
Citation
Análise Psicológica, 1(17), 163-194.
Publisher
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada