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O seu problema é 3 vezes pior que os outros : é mulher, é preta e não nasceu em Portugal : Narrativas de integração e discriminação de mulheres migrantes num antigo país colonial
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Abstract(s)
A população estrangeira represente apenas 6,4% da população total residente em Portugal.
Todavia, as pessoas com passado migratório excedem largamente a estatística de cidadãos
estrangeiros devido à aquisição de nacionalidade. Os Censos 2021 mostram a importância dos
migrantes para a economia e sustentabilidade do regime de proteção social de uma população
envelhecida.
Partindo da análise sistemática das narrativas de vinte mulheres (n=20) migrantes de primeira
geração, oriundas de dez países, este estudo apresenta uma reflexão crítica das mulheres
migrantes sobre os determinantes do seu processo de integração.
Através de entrevistas online, identificou-se áreas críticas de integração de natureza estrutural
(regularização, habitação, educação, trabalho) e sociocultural (suporte social, envolvimento na
comunidade, adaptação cultural, saúde e bem-estar). O suporte social, a regularização, a
participação associativa, a adaptação cultural e tolerância religiosa, foram considerados como
fatores facilitadores. A dificuldade na aquisição de competências linguísticas e a
discriminação no trabalho são áreas que devem merecer a atenção das políticas e práticas de
integração. Salientou-se a sobre qualificação no trabalho, o preconceito e o estereótipo ligado
à mulher brasileira e a discriminação mais severa relativamente às migrantes cujos países de
origem tiveram ligações coloniais a Portugal. Verificou-se que a integração não é uniforme
em todos os domínios de vida e que depende da interação de fatores situados em distintos
níveis ecológicos. São examinados os processos de resiliência e empoderamento das mulheres
migrantes face à discriminação e violência.
Este trabalho demonstrou que as narrativas das mulheres migrantes são contribuições cruciais
para informar políticas e práticas de acolhimento.
Official statistics of 2020 on immigration report that 6,4% of the residents in Portugal are of foreign origin although immigrant communities are substantially larger due to naturalization. The Census 2021 is illustrative of the role of migrants in the renovation of the population in a rapidly aging country. Based on a systematic analysis of the narratives of twenty women (n=20) firstgeneration migrants from ten countries, this study presents a critical reflection of migrant women on the determinants of their integration process. Through online interviews, critical areas of integration both structural (regularization, housing, education, work) and sociocultural (social support, cultural adaptation, health, and well-being) were highlighted. Social support, regularization, community-based organizations’ participation, cultural adaptation, religious tolerance were considered facilitating factors. Difficulty in acquiring language competence and discrimination at work are areas that deserve attention from integration policies and practices. The over-qualification of the participants at work, the prejudice and stereotype linked to Brazilian women, and the more severe discrimination against migrants whose countries of origin had colonial links to Portugal were highlighted. Results indicate that integration is not uniform in all areas of life and that depends on the interaction of factors located at different ecological levels. The processes of resilience and empowerment of migrant women in face discrimination and violence are also explored. This work demonstrated migrant women's narratives are crucial contributions for policy formation.
Official statistics of 2020 on immigration report that 6,4% of the residents in Portugal are of foreign origin although immigrant communities are substantially larger due to naturalization. The Census 2021 is illustrative of the role of migrants in the renovation of the population in a rapidly aging country. Based on a systematic analysis of the narratives of twenty women (n=20) firstgeneration migrants from ten countries, this study presents a critical reflection of migrant women on the determinants of their integration process. Through online interviews, critical areas of integration both structural (regularization, housing, education, work) and sociocultural (social support, cultural adaptation, health, and well-being) were highlighted. Social support, regularization, community-based organizations’ participation, cultural adaptation, religious tolerance were considered facilitating factors. Difficulty in acquiring language competence and discrimination at work are areas that deserve attention from integration policies and practices. The over-qualification of the participants at work, the prejudice and stereotype linked to Brazilian women, and the more severe discrimination against migrants whose countries of origin had colonial links to Portugal were highlighted. Results indicate that integration is not uniform in all areas of life and that depends on the interaction of factors located at different ecological levels. The processes of resilience and empowerment of migrant women in face discrimination and violence are also explored. This work demonstrated migrant women's narratives are crucial contributions for policy formation.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada
no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Comunitária
Keywords
Migrantes Género integração Discriminação Narrativa Migrants Gender Integration Ddiscrimination Narrative