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Publication
A relação entre a obesidade e a aceitação social em crianças de idade pré-escolar
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Abstract(s)
Na primeira infância os grupos de pares têm vindo a ser reconhecidos como um contexto
de socialização importante. As experiências sociais positivas que ocorrem neste contexto
durante estas idades são consideradas críticas para o desenvolvimento social, cognitivo e moral
subsequente. A presente investigação teve como principal objetivo analisar a relação entre a
obesidade e a aceitação e rejeição social, bem como a relação entre a obesidade e as amizades
recíprocas e unilaterais em crianças com idade pré-escolar. A amostra é constituída por 53
crianças (28 raparigas e 25 rapazes), pertencentes a uma faixa etária entre os 2 e os 6 anos de
idade, que frequentam o ensino pré-escolar de três infantários da Madeira e um no Montijo.
Como instrumento foi utilizado o “Questionário Perceção e Preocupação com Peso e Dieta”,
preenchido pelos pais. Adicionalmente, com cada criança individualmente, foram aplicadas
medidas sociométricas (Nomeações positivas, Nomeações negativas e Escala de apreciação).
Cada criança foi pesada e medida, com o objetivo de calcular o seu IMC, para que
posteriormente cada uma fosse inseridas num dos 3 níveis possíveis de IMC (Normal, Excesso
de Peso e Obesidade). Os resultados demostraram que as crianças com obesidade não se
diferenciam das restantes no que diz respeito à aceitação social, às amizades recíprocas e
unilaterais e correlacionam-se negativamente no que diz respeito à rejeição social.
In early childhood peer groups have come to be recognized as an important socialization context. The positive social experiences that occur in this context during these ages are considered critical for subsequent social, cognitive, and moral development. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between obesity and social acceptance and rejection, as well as the relationship between obesity and reciprocal and unilateral friendships in pre-school children. The sample consisted of 53 children (28 girls and 25 boys), who belong to an age group between 2 and 6 years of age, attending the pre-school education of three nursery schools in Madeira and one in Montijo. The "Questionnaire Perception and Concern with Weight and Diet", was filled by the parents. Additionally, with each child individually, sociometric measures were applied (Positive Nominations, Negative Appointments and Appreciation Scale). Each child was weighed and measured, in order to calculate their BMI, so that each one of them was inserted in one of the 3 possible levels of BMI (Normal, Overweight and Obesity). The results showed that children with obesity do not differ from the rest in terms of social acceptance, reciprocal and unilateral friendships, and are negatively correlated with social rejection.
In early childhood peer groups have come to be recognized as an important socialization context. The positive social experiences that occur in this context during these ages are considered critical for subsequent social, cognitive, and moral development. The present study aimed to analyze the relationship between obesity and social acceptance and rejection, as well as the relationship between obesity and reciprocal and unilateral friendships in pre-school children. The sample consisted of 53 children (28 girls and 25 boys), who belong to an age group between 2 and 6 years of age, attending the pre-school education of three nursery schools in Madeira and one in Montijo. The "Questionnaire Perception and Concern with Weight and Diet", was filled by the parents. Additionally, with each child individually, sociometric measures were applied (Positive Nominations, Negative Appointments and Appreciation Scale). Each child was weighed and measured, in order to calculate their BMI, so that each one of them was inserted in one of the 3 possible levels of BMI (Normal, Overweight and Obesity). The results showed that children with obesity do not differ from the rest in terms of social acceptance, reciprocal and unilateral friendships, and are negatively correlated with social rejection.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de
grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Obesidade infantil Aceitação social Amizades recíprocas Amizades unilaterais Child obesity Social rejection Social acceptance Reciprocal friendships Unilateral friendships