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Os desafios do cuidar. Bem-estar nos profissionais de saúde: Mindfulness, regulação emocional e burnout
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O burnout em profissionais de saúde é um fenómeno em expansão (Mohr et al., 2025), com consequências negativas na qualidade de vida, bem-estar e eficácia laboral. A literatura tem evidenciado a função protetora das competências de mindfulness e dos mecanismos de regulação emocional, ainda que persistam dúvidas face à contribuição específica de cada dimensão. A presente investigação pretendeu explorar a relação entre as competências de mindfulness e o burnout, analisando a função mediadora da regulação emocional. Participaram 115 (n = 115) profissionais de saúde, com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e os 70 anos (M = 44.45; DP = 13.71). Como instrumentos utilizou-se o Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), o Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) e o Burnout Assessment Tool - versão reduzida (BAT-12). Os resultados revelaram que níveis mais elevados da competência Agir com Consciência associam-se robustamente a níveis mais reduzidos de burnout total, exaustão, distanciamento mental e incapacidade no controlo cognitivo, assumindo-se como a competência mais protetora nesta amostra. Outras competências de mindfulness, como Observar e Não Julgar, não demonstraram efeitos constantes, propondo que cada competência de mindfulness exerce uma função diferente no âmbito da prevenção de burnout. A estratégia de reavaliação cognitiva apresentou relações de sentido negativo com o burnout total, a incapacidade no controlo cognitivo e a incapacidade no controlo emocional, confirmando a sua função protetora. No entanto, não se associou significativamente à exaustão nem à distância mental. Adicionalmente, não se verificaram efeitos de mediação estatisticamente significativos em nenhum dos modelos testados, indicando que a regulação emocional não exerceu um papel mediador nas relações entre as competências de mindfulness e o burnout. A supressão emocional não revelou relações estatisticamente significativas, ainda que tenha seguido uma tendência positiva em direção ao burnout. Estes resultados enfatizam a conceptualização do mindfulness como constructo multidimensional, destacando a relevância singular das suas competências e a pertinência da reavaliação cognitiva enquanto mecanismo adaptativo nas respostas ao stress.
Burnout among healthcare professionals is a growing phenomenon (Mohr et al., 2025), with negative consequences for quality of life, well-being, and work effectiveness. Previous literature has highlighted the protective role of mindfulness skills and emotion regulation mechanisms, although questions remain regarding the specific contribution of each dimension. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between mindfulness skills and burnout, examining the mediating role of emotion regulation. A total of 115 healthcare professionals (n = 115), aged between 22 and 70 years (M = 44.45; SD = 13.71), participated in this research. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Burnout Assessment Tool - short version (BAT-12) were applied. Results showed that higher levels of the Acting with Awareness skill were strongly associated with lower levels of total burnout, exhaustion, mental distancing, and impaired cognitive control, positioning it as the most protective skill in this sample. Other mindfulness skills, such as Observing and Non-judging, did not show consistent effects, suggesting that each skill may play a distinct role in burnout prevention. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with total burnout, impaired cognitive control, and impaired emotional control, confirming its protective function. However, it was not significantly related to exhaustion or mental distancing. Additionally, no statistically significant mediation effects were found in any of the tested models, indicating that emotion regulation did not play a mediating role in the relationships between mindfulness skills and burnout. Emotional suppression did not show significant associations, although it displayed a positive trend towards burnout. These findings emphasize the conceptualization of mindfulness as a multidimensional construct, highlighting the unique relevance of its specific skills and the importance of cognitive reappraisal as an adaptive mechanism in stress responses.
Burnout among healthcare professionals is a growing phenomenon (Mohr et al., 2025), with negative consequences for quality of life, well-being, and work effectiveness. Previous literature has highlighted the protective role of mindfulness skills and emotion regulation mechanisms, although questions remain regarding the specific contribution of each dimension. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between mindfulness skills and burnout, examining the mediating role of emotion regulation. A total of 115 healthcare professionals (n = 115), aged between 22 and 70 years (M = 44.45; SD = 13.71), participated in this research. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Burnout Assessment Tool - short version (BAT-12) were applied. Results showed that higher levels of the Acting with Awareness skill were strongly associated with lower levels of total burnout, exhaustion, mental distancing, and impaired cognitive control, positioning it as the most protective skill in this sample. Other mindfulness skills, such as Observing and Non-judging, did not show consistent effects, suggesting that each skill may play a distinct role in burnout prevention. Cognitive reappraisal was negatively associated with total burnout, impaired cognitive control, and impaired emotional control, confirming its protective function. However, it was not significantly related to exhaustion or mental distancing. Additionally, no statistically significant mediation effects were found in any of the tested models, indicating that emotion regulation did not play a mediating role in the relationships between mindfulness skills and burnout. Emotional suppression did not show significant associations, although it displayed a positive trend towards burnout. These findings emphasize the conceptualization of mindfulness as a multidimensional construct, highlighting the unique relevance of its specific skills and the importance of cognitive reappraisal as an adaptive mechanism in stress responses.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Palavras-chave
Burnout Mindfulness Regulação emocional Profissionais de saúde Reavaliação cognitiva Burnout Mindfulness Emotion regulation Healthcare professionals Cognitive reappraisal