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Impacto do diagnóstico de vih na sexualidade e intimidade: Uma revisão sistemática e dados exploratórios
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Apesar de o primeiro caso de VIH ter sido identificado há mais de 40 anos e de terem
sido conduzidas inúmeras investigações, a discriminação contra indivíduos que vivem
com o vírus ainda é uma realidade. Foram estudados aspetos psicossociais que esta
doença pode acarretar, mas outras vertentes ficaram esquecidas. Exemplo disso é a
intimidade e a sexualidade de pessoas portadoras do vírus. Deste modo, foram
realizados dois estudos. Num primeiro estudo realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com
o propósito de compreender o impacto que um diagnóstico de VIH pode ter tanto nas
relações íntimas, como na sexualidade, podendo ou não abranger parceiros fixos.
Realizou-se a pesquisa de literatura em Janeiro de 2024 em várias bases de dados.
Foram incluídos 7 artigos na revisão sistemática realizados em diferentes países do
mundo. Os resultados principais demonstram que, após o diagnóstico, as relações
íntimas se deterioram devido à dificuldade dos parceiros em lidar com a situação. Como
consequência, muitos optaram pela abstinência sexual ou pelo uso do preservativo como
medida preventiva. Num segundo estudo quantitativo, foram incluídos 27 participantes
(10 homens e 17 mulheres) e explorou-se a associação entre o estigma, a autoestima e a
sexualidade/intimidade. Verificou-se que um maior estigma sentido resulta numa menor
satisfação sexual e que uma autoestima mais baixa afeta significativamente a
experiência sexual. Assim, considerando os resultados encontrados nos dois estudos,
verificou-se uma necessidade acrescida de ampliar o conhecimento sobre este tema,
com foco na sexualidade e intimidade neste contexto.
ABSTRACT: Although the first case of HIV was identified more than 40 years ago and numerous investigations have been carried out, discrimination against people living with the virus is still a reality. Psychosocial aspects of the disease have been studied, but other aspects have been overlooked. One example is the intimacy and sexuality of people living with the virus. Two studies were therefore carried out. In the first study, a systematic review was carried out with the aim of understanding the impact that an HIV diagnosis can have on both intimate relationships and sexuality, which may or may not include steady partners. A literature search was carried out in January 2024 in various databases. The systematic review included 7 articles from different countries around the world. The main results show that, after diagnosis, intimate relationships deteriorate due to the difficulty partners have in dealing with the situation. As a result, many have opted for sexual abstinence or condom use as a preventative measure. A second quantitative study included 27 participants (10 men and 17 women) and explored the association between stigma, self-esteem and sexuality/intimacy. It was found that greater perceived stigma results in lower sexual satisfaction and that lower self-esteem significantly affects sexual experience. Thus, considering the results found in the two studies, there was an increased need to expand knowledge on this topic, focusing on sexuality and intimacy in this context.
ABSTRACT: Although the first case of HIV was identified more than 40 years ago and numerous investigations have been carried out, discrimination against people living with the virus is still a reality. Psychosocial aspects of the disease have been studied, but other aspects have been overlooked. One example is the intimacy and sexuality of people living with the virus. Two studies were therefore carried out. In the first study, a systematic review was carried out with the aim of understanding the impact that an HIV diagnosis can have on both intimate relationships and sexuality, which may or may not include steady partners. A literature search was carried out in January 2024 in various databases. The systematic review included 7 articles from different countries around the world. The main results show that, after diagnosis, intimate relationships deteriorate due to the difficulty partners have in dealing with the situation. As a result, many have opted for sexual abstinence or condom use as a preventative measure. A second quantitative study included 27 participants (10 men and 17 women) and explored the association between stigma, self-esteem and sexuality/intimacy. It was found that greater perceived stigma results in lower sexual satisfaction and that lower self-esteem significantly affects sexual experience. Thus, considering the results found in the two studies, there was an increased need to expand knowledge on this topic, focusing on sexuality and intimacy in this context.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA
– Instituto Universitário, para obtenção
do grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia da Saúde.
Keywords
Intimidade sexual VIH SIDA Diagnóstico Parceiros sexuais.