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Publication
Meta-analysis of social presence effects on stroop task performance
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
In this paper, we conducted a meta-analytic review to examine the impact of social
presence on individuals’ performance on the Stroop task, shedding light on the cognitive
processes underlying social facilitation. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify and
include 33 relevant studies in a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis. Our results
show that social presence reliably modulates Stroop interference (a measure of cognitive
control); specifically, participants exhibit lower Stroop interference when performing the
task in the presence of others compared to performing it in isolation. We also found that
the strength of the effect varies depending on the type of social presence: it is stronger
with an attentive audience compared to an inattentive one, and null with an evaluative
audience. Additionally, different features of the Stroop task itself moderate the effect; the
effect is stronger for the classic version of the task compared to the semantic version, and
for experiments that use mixed within-block trials compared to those with homogenous
blocks. We also observed a negative relationship between the number of trials and the
magnitude of the effect. Overall, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms by
which the presence of others affects performance on the Stroop task, and how they align
with social facilitation theories.
Description
Keywords
Stroop interfercene Presence of others Social facilitation Mere presence Attentive presence
Citation
Garcia-Marques, T., & Fernandes, A. C. (2024). Meta-analysis of social presence effects on stroop task performance. Psychological Reports, 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241227150
Publisher
SAGE Publications Inc.