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Psicopatologia e qualidade de vida: Contribuições para a validação do SCL-90 na população portuguesa
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Âmbito: As perturbações psicológicas envolvem alterações do pensamento, do comportamento e das emoções, gerando sofrimento psicológico e impacto significativo no funcionamento global dos indivíduos. Estas alterações manifestam-se frequentemente em dificuldades emocionais, relacionais, académicas e laborais, comprometendo a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar. Em Portugal, mais de um quinto da população apresenta uma perturbação do foro mental, situação muitas das vezes subdiagnosticada devido ao estigma, à baixa literacia em saúde mental e à subnotificação de sintomas. Objetivo: Estudo 1. Realização da revisão final da tradução e adaptação linguística do Questionário de 90 Sintomas (SCL-90). Estudo 2. Comparar o relato de queixas psicopatológicas e a perceção de qualidade de vida em três amostras: comunitária com e sem queixa psicológica e clínica. Plano: O estudo 1 é qualitativo e exploratório, consistindo num grupo focal com oito participantes finalistas do Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, com a finalidade de adaptar linguística e culturalmente a versão portuguesa do SCL-90. O estudo 2 é quantitativo, de natureza correlacional e transversal, com uma única observação. Participaram 774 adultos portugueses, distribuídos em três grupos: amostra comunitária sem queixa psicológica (n = 433), amostra comunitária com queixa psicológica (n = 138) e amostra clínica (n = 203). A recolha de dados decorreu em formato online e presencialmente na ULS de São José, Hospital Júlio de Matos. O protocolo incluiu um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, o Questionário de 90 Sintomas, a Escala de Stresse Percecionado, o Inventário de Saúde Mental e o Instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Resultados: Verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre os três grupos, tanto na expressão psicopatológica, como na perceção de qualidade de vida. A amostra clínica apresentou níveis mais elevados de sintomatologia e menor perceção de qualidade de vida, seguida da amostra comunitária com queixa psicológica e, por último, da amostra sem queixa. As correlações entre sintomas e qualidade de vida foram negativas e significativas em todos os domínios. Foram ainda observadas diferenças entre géneros, com tendência para sintomas mais internalizantes nas mulheres e externalizantes nos homens. Conclusão: A sintomatologia psicopatológica compromete de forma significativa a perceção de qualidade de vida, reforçando a importância do rastreio psicológico e da implementação de estratégias de intervenção precoce em contextos clínicos e comunitários.
Scope: Psychological disorders involve alterations in thought, behavior, and emotions that generate psychological distress and significantly impair overall functioning. These alterations often result in emotional, relational, academic and occupational difficulties, compromising quality of life and well-being. In Portugal, more than one-fifth of the population presents with a psychological disorder, a situation often underdiagnosed due to stigma, low mental health literacy, and underreporting of symptoms. Objective: Study 1. Conduct the final revision of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Study 2. To compare the report of psychopathological complaints and perceived quality of life across three samples: a community sample without psychological complaints, a community sample with psychological complaints, and a clinical sample. Methods: Study 1 employed a qualitative, exploratory design using a focus group composed of eight final-year Master’s students in Clinical Psychology, with the purpose of linguistically and culturally adapting the Portuguese version of the SCL-90. Study 2 adopted a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional design, involving a single observation. A total of 774 portuguese adults participated, distributed into three groups: community sample without psychological complaints (n = 433), community sample with psychological complaints (n = 138), and clinical sample (n = 203). Data collection took place both online and in person at ULS São José – Hospital Júlio de Matos. The assessment protocol included a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist – 90 (SCL-90), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument – Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-Bref). Results: Significant differences were found among the three groups in both psychopathological expression and perceived quality of life. The clinical sample presented the highest levels of symptomatology and the lowest perception of quality of life, followed by the community sample with psychological complaints, and finally the sample without complaints. Negative and significant correlations were observed between psychopathological symptoms and all domains of quality of life. Gender differences were also found, with women showing a tendency toward more internalizing symptoms and men toward more externalizing symptoms. Conclusion: Psychopathological symptomatology significantly compromises perceived quality of life, underscoring the importance of psychological screening and early intervention strategies in both clinical and community contexts.
Scope: Psychological disorders involve alterations in thought, behavior, and emotions that generate psychological distress and significantly impair overall functioning. These alterations often result in emotional, relational, academic and occupational difficulties, compromising quality of life and well-being. In Portugal, more than one-fifth of the population presents with a psychological disorder, a situation often underdiagnosed due to stigma, low mental health literacy, and underreporting of symptoms. Objective: Study 1. Conduct the final revision of the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Study 2. To compare the report of psychopathological complaints and perceived quality of life across three samples: a community sample without psychological complaints, a community sample with psychological complaints, and a clinical sample. Methods: Study 1 employed a qualitative, exploratory design using a focus group composed of eight final-year Master’s students in Clinical Psychology, with the purpose of linguistically and culturally adapting the Portuguese version of the SCL-90. Study 2 adopted a quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional design, involving a single observation. A total of 774 portuguese adults participated, distributed into three groups: community sample without psychological complaints (n = 433), community sample with psychological complaints (n = 138), and clinical sample (n = 203). Data collection took place both online and in person at ULS São José – Hospital Júlio de Matos. The assessment protocol included a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Symptom Checklist – 90 (SCL-90), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Mental Health Inventory (MHI), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument – Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-Bref). Results: Significant differences were found among the three groups in both psychopathological expression and perceived quality of life. The clinical sample presented the highest levels of symptomatology and the lowest perception of quality of life, followed by the community sample with psychological complaints, and finally the sample without complaints. Negative and significant correlations were observed between psychopathological symptoms and all domains of quality of life. Gender differences were also found, with women showing a tendency toward more internalizing symptoms and men toward more externalizing symptoms. Conclusion: Psychopathological symptomatology significantly compromises perceived quality of life, underscoring the importance of psychological screening and early intervention strategies in both clinical and community contexts.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Palavras-chave
Qualidade de Vida Escala de 90 Sintomas Instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde – versão abreviada Sintomas Psicopatológicos Perturbação Mental Quality of Life Symptoms Checklist-90 World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument – Abbreviated Version Psychopathological Symptoms Psychological Disorder