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A desumanização da doença mental e a adesão às crenças de continuidade
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Recentemente, verificou-se que a violação de normas sociais, nomeadamente através de
comportamentos não-civilizados, se reflete na menor atribuição de características
unicamente humanas. Por acréscimo, um considerável número de estudos aponta para a
desumanização de pessoas com rótulo de doença mental (DM), no entanto com variações
segundo o tipo de perturbação. A adesão às crenças de continuidade (CC), um conceito
recente, difere também segundo a patologia em questão e tende a refletir-se na menor
estigmatização das pessoas com DM. Assim, coloca-se a hipótese de que determinado
sujeito-alvo com perturbação, ao exibir comportamentos ambiguamente animalistas, será
desumanizado, havendo diferenças consoante a perturbação associada. Por outro lado,
espera-se encontrar diferenças na adesão às crenças de continuidade e que estas se
reflitam numa menor desumanização do alvo. Com vista a análise das hipóteses,
procedeu-se à manipulação experimental, através de três vinhetas (depressão versus
esquizofrenia versus sem perturbação). Obteve-se uma amostra de 220 participantes, que
desumanizou o sujeito-alvo, mas sem diferenças significativas dependendo do rótulo. Por
outro lado, verificou-se uma adesão moderada às crenças de continuidade, no entanto,
sem diferenças significativas entre esquizofrenia e a depressão. Observou-se uma relação
entre a atribuição de características humanas e a adesão às CC. Estes resultados foram
discutidos com base na literatura sobre transgressão de normas sociais, a desumanização
da doença mental, a familiaridade com a doença mental e sua relação com a
desumanização, os estereótipos de género e a adesão às crenças de continuidade
ABSTRACT: Recently, it has been found that the violation of social norms, namely through uncivilized behaviors, reflects in a lower attribution of uniquely human traits. In addition, a considerable number of studies point to the dehumanization of people with a label of mental illness (MI), but with variations according to the type of disorder. Adherence to continuum beliefs (CB), a recent concept, also differs according to the disorder in question and tends to reflect in lower stigmatization of people with MI. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a certain target with mental illness, by exhibiting ambiguously animalistic behaviors, will be dehumanized with significant differences between disorders. On the other hand, it is expected to find differences in adherence to continuum beliefs and that this adherence will reflect in a lower dehumanization of the target. In order to test the hypotheses, an experimental manipulation was carried out through three vignettes (depression versus schizophrenia versus without mental illness). A sample of 220 participants dehumanized the target, but without significant differences depending on the label. On the other hand, there was a moderate adherence to continuum beliefs, however, with no significant differences between schizophrenia and depression. A relationship was observed between the attribution of human characteristics and adherence to CB. These results were discussed based on the literature on transgression of social norms, the dehumanization of mental illness, familiarity with mental illness and its relationship with dehumanization, gender stereotypes, and adherence to continuum beliefs.
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ABSTRACT: Recently, it has been found that the violation of social norms, namely through uncivilized behaviors, reflects in a lower attribution of uniquely human traits. In addition, a considerable number of studies point to the dehumanization of people with a label of mental illness (MI), but with variations according to the type of disorder. Adherence to continuum beliefs (CB), a recent concept, also differs according to the disorder in question and tends to reflect in lower stigmatization of people with MI. Therefore, it is hypothesized that a certain target with mental illness, by exhibiting ambiguously animalistic behaviors, will be dehumanized with significant differences between disorders. On the other hand, it is expected to find differences in adherence to continuum beliefs and that this adherence will reflect in a lower dehumanization of the target. In order to test the hypotheses, an experimental manipulation was carried out through three vignettes (depression versus schizophrenia versus without mental illness). A sample of 220 participants dehumanized the target, but without significant differences depending on the label. On the other hand, there was a moderate adherence to continuum beliefs, however, with no significant differences between schizophrenia and depression. A relationship was observed between the attribution of human characteristics and adherence to CB. These results were discussed based on the literature on transgression of social norms, the dehumanization of mental illness, familiarity with mental illness and its relationship with dehumanization, gender stereotypes, and adherence to continuum beliefs.
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Description
Dissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Doença mental Desumanização Crenças de continuidade Violação de normas sociais. Mental illness Dehumanization Continuum beliefs Violation of social norms