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Competências de Intervenção de um Psicoterapeuta Eficaz [Análise Qualitativa de Sessões de Psicoterapia]
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Abstract(s)
Problema: A inexistência de um consenso na literatura sobre o significado de expertise em
psicoterapia transformou-se num debate relevante a importantes reflexões sobre profissionais
de destaque e seus desempenhos. Contudo, apesar de haver muitos estudos focados nos factores
dos terapeutas com melhores resultados (outcomes), existe ainda uma lacuna de estudos
baseados no critério dos outcomes. Objectivo: Este estudo procurou explorar qualitativamente
uma psicoterapeuta que foi identificada, por uma clínica universitária inglesa, como tendo
sistematicamente bons outcomes clínicos. Método: Procedeu-se à análise de 29 sessões de dois
pacientes acompanhados por uma psicoterapeuta escolhida com base nos seus outcomes. As
sessões foram audiogravadas e analisadas pela abordagem construtivista Grounded Theory
(Charmaz, 2014). Resultados: A análise de dados deu origem a 14 categorias, que representam
as intervenções clínicas utilizadas pela psicoterapeuta. A estrutura de organização dos três
grandes domínios: (1) Promoção do senso de agencidade do cliente e da natureza colaborativa
do processo terapêutico; (2) Apoio à exploração de conteúdos significativos, equilibrando
responsivamente entre seguir o cliente e introduzir novas dimensões; (3) Criação de um clima
relacional de segurança emocional para o cliente, assente na presença empática, autenticidade
e aceitação incondicional.
ABSTRACT: Problem: The lack of a consensus in literature on the definition of expertise in psychotherapy has become a debate prompting important reflections on outstanding professionals and their performance. However, although there are many studies focused on the therapists' factors with regards to better results (outcomes), there is still a dearth of studies based on outcome criteria. Objective: The present study sought to qualitatively explore the work of a psychotherapist who was identified, by an English university clinic, as having consistently good clinical outcomes. Method: We proceeded to analyze 29 sessions of two patients accompanied by a psychotherapist chosen based on their outcomes. The sessions were audio-recorded and analyzed using the constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014). Results: Data analysis led to the addition of two new categories to the 12 existing ones, which represent the clinical interventions used by the psychotherapist. The organizational structure of the three major domains: (1) Promoting the client's sense of agency and the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process; (2) Support the exploration of meaningful contents, responsively balancing between following the client and introducing new dimensions; (3) Creation of a relational climate of emotional security for the client, based on empathic presence, authenticity, and unconditional acceptance.
ABSTRACT: Problem: The lack of a consensus in literature on the definition of expertise in psychotherapy has become a debate prompting important reflections on outstanding professionals and their performance. However, although there are many studies focused on the therapists' factors with regards to better results (outcomes), there is still a dearth of studies based on outcome criteria. Objective: The present study sought to qualitatively explore the work of a psychotherapist who was identified, by an English university clinic, as having consistently good clinical outcomes. Method: We proceeded to analyze 29 sessions of two patients accompanied by a psychotherapist chosen based on their outcomes. The sessions were audio-recorded and analyzed using the constructivist Grounded Theory (Charmaz, 2014). Results: Data analysis led to the addition of two new categories to the 12 existing ones, which represent the clinical interventions used by the psychotherapist. The organizational structure of the three major domains: (1) Promoting the client's sense of agency and the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process; (2) Support the exploration of meaningful contents, responsively balancing between following the client and introducing new dimensions; (3) Creation of a relational climate of emotional security for the client, based on empathic presence, authenticity, and unconditional acceptance.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação de Professor Doutor Daniel Cunha Monteiro de Sousa, apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Expertise Psychotherapy Effective psychotherapists Continuous sessions Grounded Theory Expertise Psicoterapia Psicoterapeutas eficazes Sessões contínuas Grounded Theory