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Desenvolvimento e validação inicial da escala de vinculação do cuidador familiar
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Objetivo: Existem aspetos únicos relacionados com a antecipação da morte que podem
despertar comportamentos de vinculação específicos. As medidas de vinculação existentes
avaliam de forma geral os estilos de vinculação, não se adaptando às características particulares
da vivência dos cuidadores na antecipação da morte do seu familiar. Por isso, este estudo propõe
desenvolver e validar a escala de vinculação do cuidador familiar. Método: Os participantes
são cuidadores familiares de pessoas com doença crónica avançada. Foi conduzida uma análise
fatorial exploratória e aferida a fiabilidade através do Alpha de Cronbach. A validade
convergente da escala foi analisada através das correlações com a Escala de Vinculação do
Adulto (EVA), os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram avaliados através da HADS, os
sintomas de somatização através da subescala de somatização do BSI e os sintomas de luto prémorte, através do PG-12; a validade divergente foi aferida através da escala de sobrecarga do
cuidador de Zarit. Resultados: A análise fatorial exploratória da escala apresentou uma
estrutura bidimensional, representando as dimensões de Evitamento e Dependência. A
consistência interna de ambas as dimensões foi elevada (⍺=0,813 e ⍺=0,784, respetivamente),
indicando boa fiabilidade. A validade convergente foi confirmada através das correlações com
sintomas de ansiedade, depressão, somatização e luto pré-morte, enquanto a validade
divergente foi confirmada pela ausência de correlações significativas com a sobrecarga do
cuidador. Verificou-se a prevalência do estilo de vinculação evitante receoso nesta amostra.
Estes resultados sugerem que a escala é fiável e válida para avaliar estilos de vinculação de
cuidadores familiares em contexto de cuidados de doentes com doença crónica avançada.
ABSTRACT: Aim: There are unique aspects related to the anticipation of death that can trigger specific attachment behaviours. Existing attachment measures assess attachment styles in general and are not adapted to the particular characteristics of caregivers' experiences in anticipation of their family member's death. For this reason, this study aims to develop and validate the family caregiver attachment scale. Method: The participants are family caregivers of people with advanced chronic illness. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted and reliability was measured using Cronbach's Alpha. The convergent validity of the scale was analysed through correlations with the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed through the HADS, somatization symptoms through the BSI somatization subscale and pre-death grief symptoms through the PG-12; divergent validity was measured through the Zarit caregiver burden scale. Results: The exploratory factor analysis of the scale showed a two-dimensional structure, representing the dimensions of Avoidance and Dependence. The internal consistency of both dimensions was high (⍺=0.813 and ⍺=0.784, respectively), indicating good reliability. Convergent validity was confirmed by correlations with symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatization and pre-death bereavement, while divergent validity was confirmed by the absence of significant correlations with caregiver burden. There was a prevalence of the fearful avoidant attachment style in this sample. These results suggest that the scale is reliable and valid for assessing attachment styles of family caregivers in the context of caring for patients with advanced chronic illness.
ABSTRACT: Aim: There are unique aspects related to the anticipation of death that can trigger specific attachment behaviours. Existing attachment measures assess attachment styles in general and are not adapted to the particular characteristics of caregivers' experiences in anticipation of their family member's death. For this reason, this study aims to develop and validate the family caregiver attachment scale. Method: The participants are family caregivers of people with advanced chronic illness. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted and reliability was measured using Cronbach's Alpha. The convergent validity of the scale was analysed through correlations with the Adult Attachment Scale (AAS), anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed through the HADS, somatization symptoms through the BSI somatization subscale and pre-death grief symptoms through the PG-12; divergent validity was measured through the Zarit caregiver burden scale. Results: The exploratory factor analysis of the scale showed a two-dimensional structure, representing the dimensions of Avoidance and Dependence. The internal consistency of both dimensions was high (⍺=0.813 and ⍺=0.784, respectively), indicating good reliability. Convergent validity was confirmed by correlations with symptoms of anxiety, depression, somatization and pre-death bereavement, while divergent validity was confirmed by the absence of significant correlations with caregiver burden. There was a prevalence of the fearful avoidant attachment style in this sample. These results suggest that the scale is reliable and valid for assessing attachment styles of family caregivers in the context of caring for patients with advanced chronic illness.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de
grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Estilos de vinculação Luto antecipatório Cuidadores familiares Attachment styles Anticipatory grief Family caregivers