Judging the truth-value of a statement in and out of a deep processing context

Garcia-Marques, Teresa; Silva, Rita Rocha da; Mello, Joana José de

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/4540

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Authors

Garcia-Marques, Teresa

Silva, Rita Rocha da

Mello, Joana José de

Abstract(s)

Individuals judge fluently processed statements truer than disfluent statements, which reflects an illusion of truth. A dual-processing approach to the truth effect suggests that cognitive resources and motivation for accuracy should moderate this effect. However, previous research has only manipulated participants’ capacity during the encoding of the statements. We directly test an account of the truth effect based on processing features of System 1, manipulating both capacity and motivation at the time of the truth judgments. Fluency was manipulated either through repetition (Experiment 1) or perceptual contrast (Experiment 2). Congruent with dualistic assumptions, the evaluations of participants in the high-capacity and high-motivation conditions differed from those of participants in the other three conditions. However, the pattern of the truth effect in that specific condition was not the same in both experiments: in Experiment 1, the illusion of truth was only reduced, whereas the effect was completely reversed in Experiment 2.