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Nas últimas décadas, a parentalidade tem vindo a assumir um papel central na investigação psicológica, sendo reconhecida como um dos contextos mais determinantes para o desenvolvimento humano. Partindo da perspetiva da teoria da vinculação (Bowlby, 1969/1982) e do modelo processual de Belsky (1984, 2014), o presente estudo procurou analisar de que forma a satisfação com a parentalidade influencia o desenvolvimento infantil, considerando o papel mediador da vinculação segura. Pretendeu-se compreender se pais e mães que experienciam maior satisfação no seu papel parental tendem a estabelecer vínculos mais seguros com os filhos e se essa qualidade vincular se reflete em níveis mais elevados de desenvolvimento emocional, social e cognitivo das crianças.
A amostra foi constituída por 60 cuidadores de crianças com idades compreendidas entre 1 e 6 anos, residentes em Portugal. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: a Parental Stress Scale (PSS; Berry & Jones, 1995), adaptação portuguesa de Algarvio et al., (2018); a Parent–Child Attachment Scale (PCAS; Cummings, 1980) e o Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3; Squires et al., 2009). Os resultados indicaram uma associação negativa entre o stress parental e a vinculação, confirmando que cuidadores mais satisfeitos estabelecem vínculos mais seguros. Verificou-se ainda que a vinculação medeia parcialmente a relação entre satisfação parental e desenvolvimento infantil, sugerindo que a influência do bem-estar parental ocorre sobretudo através da qualidade da relação afetiva. A idade da criança e a escolaridade do cuidador emergiram como preditores significativos do desenvolvimento, reforçando o papel de fatores contextuais
In recent decades, parenting has gained a central role in psychological research, being recognised as one of the most decisive contexts for human development. Based on Bowlby’s (1969/1982) attachment theory and Belsky’s (1984, 2014) process model, the present study aimed to analyse how parental satisfaction influences child development, considering the mediating role of secure attachment. It sought to understand whether parents who experience greater satisfaction in their parental role tend to establish more secure bonds with their children and whether this relational quality translates into higher levels of emotional, social, and cognitive development in early childhood. The sample comprised 60 caregivers of children aged 1 to 6 years, residing in Portugal. Three instruments were applied: the Parental Stress Scale (PSS; Berry & Jones, 1995; Portuguese adaptation by Algarvio et al., 2018), the Parent–Child Attachment Scale (PCAS; Cummings, 1980), and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires – ASQ-3 (Squires et al., 2009). Data were analysed using normality tests, Pearson correlations, t-tests, ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) model. Results revealed a negative association between parental stress and attachment, indicating that more satisfied parents tend to establish more secure relationships with their children. Furthermore, secure attachment partially mediated the relationship between parental satisfaction and child development, suggesting that the effect of parental well-being operates mainly through the quality of the affective bond. Child age and caregiver education also emerged as significant predictors of developmental outcomes, highlighting the influence of contextual and maturational factors.
In recent decades, parenting has gained a central role in psychological research, being recognised as one of the most decisive contexts for human development. Based on Bowlby’s (1969/1982) attachment theory and Belsky’s (1984, 2014) process model, the present study aimed to analyse how parental satisfaction influences child development, considering the mediating role of secure attachment. It sought to understand whether parents who experience greater satisfaction in their parental role tend to establish more secure bonds with their children and whether this relational quality translates into higher levels of emotional, social, and cognitive development in early childhood. The sample comprised 60 caregivers of children aged 1 to 6 years, residing in Portugal. Three instruments were applied: the Parental Stress Scale (PSS; Berry & Jones, 1995; Portuguese adaptation by Algarvio et al., 2018), the Parent–Child Attachment Scale (PCAS; Cummings, 1980), and the Ages & Stages Questionnaires – ASQ-3 (Squires et al., 2009). Data were analysed using normality tests, Pearson correlations, t-tests, ANOVA, multiple linear regression, and mediation analysis following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) model. Results revealed a negative association between parental stress and attachment, indicating that more satisfied parents tend to establish more secure relationships with their children. Furthermore, secure attachment partially mediated the relationship between parental satisfaction and child development, suggesting that the effect of parental well-being operates mainly through the quality of the affective bond. Child age and caregiver education also emerged as significant predictors of developmental outcomes, highlighting the influence of contextual and maturational factors.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica Psicanalítica
Palavras-chave
Satisfação parental Vinculação segura Desenvolvimento Infantil Parenting Parental satisfaction Secure attachment Child development