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Coerência narrativa: Diferenças entre entrevistas com e sem protocolo NICHD
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O presente estudo pretende explorar como o recurso do protocolo do NICHD poderá influenciar a coerência narrativa das declarações infantis em declarações para memória futura.
O estudo analisou 46 entrevistas com crianças entre os 3 e os 17 anos, alegadas vítimas de abuso sexual ou físico. Destas, 23 entrevistas foram conduzidas com base no protocolo do NICHD (Lamb et al., 2018) e 23 sem estrutura prévia. A investigação centrou-se
na análise da coerência narrativa das recordações das crianças, considerando os componentes fundamentais da gramática da história e os elementos espaciais e temporais das suas declarações. A codificação foi realizada segundo o esquema de Brown et al. (2018), que define nove categorias: Cenário, Evento Inicial, Resposta Interna, Tentativa, Consequência, Reação, Marcadores Temporais Simples, Marcadores Temporais Complexos e Marcadores Descritivos, permitindo avaliar a presença e a organização dos elementos estruturais das narrativas infantis.
A comparação entre os dois grupos de entrevistas revelou diferenças significativas na coerência narrativa. As entrevistas conduzidas com o protocolo do NICHD apresentaram níveis de coerência narrativa substancialmente superiores, incluindo um maior número de
elementos da gramática da história, em comparação com as entrevistas não estruturadas.
Assim, o uso do protocolo mostrou-se determinante para promover narrativas mais organizadas, completas e coerentes nas declarações das crianças.
O estudo valida a eficácia do protocolo NICHD, promovendo entrevistas forenses mais coerentes, humanas e credíveis, e defende a sua implementação com formação, supervisão e práticas centradas na criança.
This study analyses how interviewing techniques, with and without the use of the NICHD protocol, influence the narrative coherence of children's statements in interviews for future memory. The study analysed 46 interviews with children between the ages of 3 and 17 who were alleged victims of sexual or physical abuse. Of these, 23 interviews were conducted based on the NICHD protocol (Lamb et al., 2018) and 23 without a prior structure. The research focused on analysing the narrative coherence of the children's memories, considering the fundamental components of story grammar and the spatial and temporal elements of their statements. Coding was performed according to the scheme of Brown et al. (2018), which defines nine categories: Setting, Initial Event, Internal Response, Attempt, Consequence, Reaction, Simple Temporal Markers, Complex Temporal Markers, and Descriptive Markers, allowing for the assessment of the presence and organisation of the structural elements of children's narratives. The comparison between the two groups of interviews revealed significant differences in narrative coherence. Interviews conducted using the NICHD protocol showed substantially higher levels of narrative coherence, including a greater number of story grammar elements, compared to unstructured interviews. Thus, the use of the protocol proved to be decisive in promoting more organised, complete, and coherent narratives in children's statements. The study further validates the effectiveness of the NICHD protocol in promoting more coherent, humane and credible forensic interviews, and advocates its implementation with training, supervision and child-centred practices.
This study analyses how interviewing techniques, with and without the use of the NICHD protocol, influence the narrative coherence of children's statements in interviews for future memory. The study analysed 46 interviews with children between the ages of 3 and 17 who were alleged victims of sexual or physical abuse. Of these, 23 interviews were conducted based on the NICHD protocol (Lamb et al., 2018) and 23 without a prior structure. The research focused on analysing the narrative coherence of the children's memories, considering the fundamental components of story grammar and the spatial and temporal elements of their statements. Coding was performed according to the scheme of Brown et al. (2018), which defines nine categories: Setting, Initial Event, Internal Response, Attempt, Consequence, Reaction, Simple Temporal Markers, Complex Temporal Markers, and Descriptive Markers, allowing for the assessment of the presence and organisation of the structural elements of children's narratives. The comparison between the two groups of interviews revealed significant differences in narrative coherence. Interviews conducted using the NICHD protocol showed substantially higher levels of narrative coherence, including a greater number of story grammar elements, compared to unstructured interviews. Thus, the use of the protocol proved to be decisive in promoting more organised, complete, and coherent narratives in children's statements. The study further validates the effectiveness of the NICHD protocol in promoting more coherent, humane and credible forensic interviews, and advocates its implementation with training, supervision and child-centred practices.
Descrição
Dissertação submetida como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de: Mestre em Psicologia Forense Especialidade em Psicologia Forense
Palavras-chave
Coerência narrativa Entrevistas forenses Protocolo NICHD e testemunho Narrative coherence Forensic interviews NICHD protocol and testimony