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O ajustamento social ao grupo de pares e a autoestima na adolescĂȘncia
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo quis aprofundar a compreensĂŁo sobre o funcionamento social dentro do grupo de pares na adolescĂȘncia e revelar a expressĂŁo que a autoestima assume no ajustamento social. Teve como objetivo caracterizar os jovens de acordo com o seu comportamento social, e verificar se existem grupos de adolescentes que partilham dos mesmos perfis de funcionamento social, relacionando de seguida estes perfis com os valores de autoestima percecionados pelos prĂłprios adolescentes. Para o efeito foi aplicado o ECP - Extended Class Play (Burgess et al., 2003) e o SPPA - Self Perceived Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) a uma amostra longitudinal de adolescentes com idades entre os 13 e os 17 anos (n = 962). Do ECP resultaram 7 perfis de funcionamento social diferentes com base em seis dimensĂ”es sociais: agressividade, timidez/retirada social, comportamento prĂł-social, sociabilidade/popularidade, vitimização e exclusĂŁo. Os resultados confirmaram a coexistĂȘncia de diferentes dimensĂ”es sociais a ocorrer simultaneamente no mesmo adolescente, com grupos de adolescentes a partilharem dos mesmos perfis de funcionamento social. Ao associarmos os perfis de funcionamento social com os resultados da autoestima no SPPA, constatamos que o perfil PVE (perfil dos vitimizados e excluĂdos) obteve o valor mais baixo referente Ă autoestima global e o perfil PSP (perfil dos sociĂĄveis/populares e prĂł-sociais) obteve o valor mais alto. Os perfis PREV (perfil dos retirados sociais, excluĂdos e vitimizados), PVE (perfil dos vitimizados e excluĂdos) e PR (perfil dos retraĂdos sociais) foram os que revelaram ter mais dificuldades no ajustamento social ao grupo de pares, ao passo que os perfis PA (perfil dos agressivos), PPS (perfil dos prĂł-sociais) e PSP (perfil dos sociĂĄveis/populares e prĂł-sociais) foram os que revelaram ter menos dificuldades. O perfil PVE revelou-se o menos ajustado ao grupo de pares, enquanto que o perfil PSP revelou ser o mais bem ajustado. O perfil PI (perfil dos indiferenciados) nĂŁo revelou nenhuma expressĂŁo pertinente. Na variĂĄvel do sexo, verificou-se que os rapazes tiveram valores superiores Ă s raparigas em todas as dimensĂ”es da autoestima e do autoconceito, que tiveram valores estatisticamente significativos, incluindo na autoestima global. As raparigas sĂł obtiveram valores superiores na dimensĂŁo das amizades Ăntimas. Em termos conclusivos, verificou-se que a forma como os adolescentes eram percecionados pelos pares, refletiu a forma como eles se percecionaram a si mesmos, condicionando o ajustamento social no mesmo sentido.
The present study intended to grasp a deeper comprehension towards the social functioning within the peer group in adolescence and to reveal the expression that self-esteem assumes in social adjustment. We aimed to characterize young people according to their social behavior and verify whether there were teenager groups who shared the same social functioning profiles, also relating these profiles to the values of self-esteem perceived by the adolescents themselves. For this purpose, the ECP - Extended Class Play (Burgess et al., 2003) and SPPA - Self Perceived Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) were applied to a longitudinal sample of adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years (N = 962). The ECP resulted in 7 different social functioning profiles based on six social dimensions: aggressiveness, shyness/social withdrawal, prosocial behavior, sociability/popularity, victimization and exclusion. The results confirmed the coexistence of different social dimensions occurring simultaneously in the same adolescent, with groups of adolescents sharing the same profiles of social functioning. By associating the social functioning profiles with the results of self-esteem in the SPPA, we found that the PVE profile (profile of the victimized and excluded) obtained the lowest value regarding global self-esteem and the PSP profile (profile of the sociable/popular and prosocial) obtained the highest value. The profiles PREV (profile of social withdrawers, excluded and victimized), PVE (profile of victimized and excluded) and PR (profile of social withdrawers) were the ones that revealed to have more difficulties in social adjustment to the group of peers, whereas the profiles PA (profile of aggressives), PPS (profile of prosocials) and PSP (profile of sociable / popular and prosocials) were those who revealed to have less difficulties. The PVE profile proved to be the least adjusted to the peer group, while the PSP profile proved to be the best adjusted. The PI profile (profile of the undifferentiated) did not reveal any relevant expression. In the gender variable, it was found that boys had higher values than girls in all dimensions of self-esteem, which had statistically significant values, including global self-esteem. Girls only obtained higher values than boys in terms of intimate friendships. In conclusion, it was found that the way adolescents were perceived by their peers reflected the way they perceived themselves, conditioning social adjustment in the same way.
The present study intended to grasp a deeper comprehension towards the social functioning within the peer group in adolescence and to reveal the expression that self-esteem assumes in social adjustment. We aimed to characterize young people according to their social behavior and verify whether there were teenager groups who shared the same social functioning profiles, also relating these profiles to the values of self-esteem perceived by the adolescents themselves. For this purpose, the ECP - Extended Class Play (Burgess et al., 2003) and SPPA - Self Perceived Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988) were applied to a longitudinal sample of adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years (N = 962). The ECP resulted in 7 different social functioning profiles based on six social dimensions: aggressiveness, shyness/social withdrawal, prosocial behavior, sociability/popularity, victimization and exclusion. The results confirmed the coexistence of different social dimensions occurring simultaneously in the same adolescent, with groups of adolescents sharing the same profiles of social functioning. By associating the social functioning profiles with the results of self-esteem in the SPPA, we found that the PVE profile (profile of the victimized and excluded) obtained the lowest value regarding global self-esteem and the PSP profile (profile of the sociable/popular and prosocial) obtained the highest value. The profiles PREV (profile of social withdrawers, excluded and victimized), PVE (profile of victimized and excluded) and PR (profile of social withdrawers) were the ones that revealed to have more difficulties in social adjustment to the group of peers, whereas the profiles PA (profile of aggressives), PPS (profile of prosocials) and PSP (profile of sociable / popular and prosocials) were those who revealed to have less difficulties. The PVE profile proved to be the least adjusted to the peer group, while the PSP profile proved to be the best adjusted. The PI profile (profile of the undifferentiated) did not reveal any relevant expression. In the gender variable, it was found that boys had higher values than girls in all dimensions of self-esteem, which had statistically significant values, including global self-esteem. Girls only obtained higher values than boys in terms of intimate friendships. In conclusion, it was found that the way adolescents were perceived by their peers reflected the way they perceived themselves, conditioning social adjustment in the same way.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado rapresentada no ISPA â Instituto UniversitĂĄrio para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacional.
Keywords
Grupo de pares Ajustamento social Funcionamento social Autoestima AdolescĂȘncia Peer group Social adjustment Social functioning Self-esteem Adolescence