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Publication
Estado de espírito e raciocínio com e sem sobrecarga cognitiva
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objectivo do estudo é relacionar raciocínio com estado de espírito, com base nas teorias dualistas do raciocínio e no efeito do estado de espírito no processamento de informação, através de tarefas com silogismos categóricos e inferências transitivas, com e sem sobrecarga cognitiva.
O efeito do estado de espírito no processamento de informação sugere que o estado de espírito positivo está ligado ao processamento heurístico e o negativo ao processamento analítico (Garcia-Marques, 1998).
Através de tarefas de raciocínio com níveis distintos de dificuldade (cf. Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) com e sem sobrecarga cognitiva, esperava-se que na tarefa fácil (inferências transitivas) os participantes tivessem sucesso em ambas as tarefas, mantendo ou melhorando o estado de espiríto, sendo este efeito acentuado quando não estão em sobrecarga cognitiva, usando um processamento heurístico, enquanto que na tarefa difícil (silogismos categóricos) se esperava um pior desempenho na tarefa secundária e um pior estado de espírito depois da tarefa principal, sendo este efeito acentuado em sobrecarga cognitiva, usando um processamento analítico.
Verificou-se que os participantes que resolveram as inferências transitivas sem sobrecarga cognitiva, obtiveram um bom desempenho em ambas as tarefas e mantiveram o estado de espírito. Os participantes que estavam em sobrecarga cognitiva também apresentaram um bom desempenho em ambas as tarefas, mas pioraram o estado de espírito. Relativamente aos participantes que realizaram a tarefa dos silogismos categóricos, com e sem sobrecarga cognitiva, apresentaram um melhor desempenho na tarefa secundária, tendo um desempenho fraco na tarefa principal e mantendo o estado de espírito.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to relate reasoning and mood, based on the dual theories of reasoning and on mood information processing effect, through tasks with categorical syllogisms and transitive inferences, with or without cognitive overload. The mood information processing effect suggests that positive mood is related to heuristic process and negative to analytic process (Garcia-Marques, 1998). Through reasoning tasks with different levels of difficulty (cf. Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) with or without cognitive overload, it was expected that in the easy task (transitive inferences) the subjects would have success in both tasks, maintaining or improving the mood, being this effect accentuated when they aren’t in cognitive overload, using a heuristic process, while in the difficult task (categorical syllogisms) it was expected a worse performance in the secondary task and a worse mood after the main task, being this effect accentuated in cognitive overload, using an analytic process. It was found that the subjects that solved the transitive inferences without cognitive overload, obtained a good performance in both tasks and maintained the mood. The subjects that were in cognitive overload presented also a good performance in both tasks, but had a worse mood. Regarding the subjects that solved the categorical syllogisms task, with and without cognitive overload, presented a better performance in the secondary task, having a weak performance in the main task and maintaining the mood.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to relate reasoning and mood, based on the dual theories of reasoning and on mood information processing effect, through tasks with categorical syllogisms and transitive inferences, with or without cognitive overload. The mood information processing effect suggests that positive mood is related to heuristic process and negative to analytic process (Garcia-Marques, 1998). Through reasoning tasks with different levels of difficulty (cf. Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991) with or without cognitive overload, it was expected that in the easy task (transitive inferences) the subjects would have success in both tasks, maintaining or improving the mood, being this effect accentuated when they aren’t in cognitive overload, using a heuristic process, while in the difficult task (categorical syllogisms) it was expected a worse performance in the secondary task and a worse mood after the main task, being this effect accentuated in cognitive overload, using an analytic process. It was found that the subjects that solved the transitive inferences without cognitive overload, obtained a good performance in both tasks and maintained the mood. The subjects that were in cognitive overload presented also a good performance in both tasks, but had a worse mood. Regarding the subjects that solved the categorical syllogisms task, with and without cognitive overload, presented a better performance in the secondary task, having a weak performance in the main task and maintaining the mood.
Description
Keywords
Estado de espírito Raciocínio Processamento heurístico Processamento analítico Sobrecarga cognitiva Mood Reasoning Heuristic process Analytic process Cognitive overload