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Crença no mundo justo, empatia e vitimização secundária:
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Abstract(s)
A empatia é um construto que poderá estar intrinsecamente relacionado com a defesa do mundo justo e, consequentemente, com as estratégias de vitimização (Correia et al., 2012; Van den Bos et al., 2009/2015; Mendonça et al., 2016). A literatura, tem já demonstrado que a competência empática está alicerçada a diversos tipos de comportamentos menos aceitáveis “aos olhos” da sociedade. Posto isto, o presente estudo experimental pretende aferir o impacto do comportamento desviante juvenil, da crença no mundo justo e da perceção de inocência da vítima na vitimização secundária. Ainda aliada a esta hipótese, pretendemos compreender de que forma a empatia medeia a relação destas variáveis na vitimização secundária. Tivemos ainda em conta a análise da relação entre o comportamento desviante dos adolescentes, tanto com a identificação à vítima, como também, com a situação de vitimização vivida pela mesma.
Avaliámos uma amostra constituída por 249 estudantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 20 anos de idade. Através do modelo de mediação, foi possível aferir a existência da total mediação da empatia cognitiva na relação entre os comportamentos desviantes e a vitimização secundária. O que sugere que quanto menos a empatia se manifesta mais desvio se evidencia nos jovens e, consequentemente, mais estes recorrem a estratégias de vitimização secundária. Compreendeu-se ainda que, a forma como os participantes percecionaram a vítima, se correlaciona com a forma como estes manifestam a sua empatia e, por conseguinte, a vitimizam mais de forma secundária. Não se encontraram efeitos de interação significativos da crença no mundo justo.
ABSTRACT: Empathy is a construct that may be intrinsically related to the defence of the Just World and, consequently, to victimisation strategies (Correia et al., 2012; Van den Bos et al., 2015; Mendonça et al., 2016). Literature has already demonstrated that empathic competence is rooted in a variety of behaviours that are less acceptable on the eyes of society. Ultimately, the present experimental study intends to assess the impact of juvenile deviant behaviour, the belief in the Just World and the victim's perception of innocence in secondary victimisation. Still allied to this hypothesis, we intend to understand how empathy mediates the relationship of these variables in secondary victimisation. We have also taken into account the analysis of the relationship between the deviant behaviour of adolescents, both with the identification to the victim, and also the victimisation situation experienced by the victim. Our sample, consisted of 249 students, aged between 13 and 20 years old. Through the mediation model, it was possible to assess the existence of total mediation of cognitive empathy in the relationship between deviant behaviours and secondary victimisation. What suggests that the less empathy manifests, the more deviation is evident in the young, and consequently the more they resort to strategies of secondary victimisation. It was also understood that the way in which the participants perceived the victim correlates with the way in which they express their empathy and, therefore, victimise them more in a secondary way. No significant interaction effects of belief in the Just World were found.
ABSTRACT: Empathy is a construct that may be intrinsically related to the defence of the Just World and, consequently, to victimisation strategies (Correia et al., 2012; Van den Bos et al., 2015; Mendonça et al., 2016). Literature has already demonstrated that empathic competence is rooted in a variety of behaviours that are less acceptable on the eyes of society. Ultimately, the present experimental study intends to assess the impact of juvenile deviant behaviour, the belief in the Just World and the victim's perception of innocence in secondary victimisation. Still allied to this hypothesis, we intend to understand how empathy mediates the relationship of these variables in secondary victimisation. We have also taken into account the analysis of the relationship between the deviant behaviour of adolescents, both with the identification to the victim, and also the victimisation situation experienced by the victim. Our sample, consisted of 249 students, aged between 13 and 20 years old. Through the mediation model, it was possible to assess the existence of total mediation of cognitive empathy in the relationship between deviant behaviours and secondary victimisation. What suggests that the less empathy manifests, the more deviation is evident in the young, and consequently the more they resort to strategies of secondary victimisation. It was also understood that the way in which the participants perceived the victim correlates with the way in which they express their empathy and, therefore, victimise them more in a secondary way. No significant interaction effects of belief in the Just World were found.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário, na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Crença no mundo justo Empatia cognitiva Vitimização secundária Inocência da vítima Comportamento desviante Adolescência Belief in a just world Empathy Secondary victimization Victim’s innocence Deviant behavior Adolescence