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COVID[ado] ao confinamento: preditores de sofrimento emocional, no contexto de pandemia por COVID-19, numa amostra da população portuguesa
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Abstract(s)
Introdução: O presente estudo tem como objetivo explorar, a partir da análise de possíveis preditores, se o contexto de pandemia por COVID-19, especificamente, no período em que foi decretado o estado de emergência nacional, ou seja, durante o primeiro confinamento, exerceu sofrimento emocional sobre os indivíduos da população geral portuguesa.
Método: Estudo observacional, descritivo, exploratório e transversal, no qual participaram cerca de 1 698 participantes (79.1 % do sexo feminino e 20.9% do sexo masculino), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 84 anos (M=40.86; DP=11.59). Foram recolhidos dados de natureza sociodemográfica, profissional e de saúde, bem como informação acerca do impacto psicológico desencadeado pelo período de confinamento. O sofrimento emocional foi avaliado com recurso ao Termómetro Emocional (TE). Foram desenvolvidos seis modelos de equações estruturais para explorar possíveis preditores de sofrimento emocional.
Resultados: O modelo estrutural ansiedade revelou um ajustamento ainda que sofrível igualmente aceitável (2/df=3,308; RMSEA=0,037; NFI=0,826; CFI=0,867; TLI=0,779; SRMR=0,0296). A ansiedade é melhor explicada através das variáveis: sexo ( = –0,143; p < 0,001), idade ( = –0,197; p < 0,001) e doença crónica ( = –0,066; p = 0,006). Os dias de quarentena e viver sozinho ou acompanhado, não estão associados à ansiedade, de acordo com este modelo.
Conclusão: Pertencer ao sexo feminino e pertencer ao grupo etário mais jovem, isto é, ser mulher e/ou jovem adulto, inclusive indivíduos na meia-idade, bem como ser portador de doença crónica revelam ser preditores de elevados níveis de sofrimento emocional, nomeadamente, de elevados níveis de ansiedade. Em conformidade, ser mulher, jovem adulto e doente cónico pode inclusive constituir risco para estes indivíduos, no contexto pandémico por COVID-19, dado que se trata de um contexto repleto por uma panóplia de repercussões que incidem nos mais variados domínios de vida destes indivíduos, nomeadamente, ao nível individual, isto é, do próprio, ao nível familiar, no que concerne as relações intrafamiliares e as relações interpessoais no geral, bem como ao nível do contexto laboral, ou seja, a forma como o contexto de trabalho vai-se cimentando em torno do indivíduo e a qualidade das relações entre este e os seus pares.
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to explore,from the analysis of possible predictors, whether the contexto of pandemic by COVID-19, specifically, during the period in which the state of emergency was decided, emotional suffering over individuals of the portuguese general population was decided. Method: Observer, descriptive, exploratory and cross-cutting study, involving around 1698 participants (79.1 % of female and 20.9 % of male), aged 18 to 84 (M=40.86; DP=11.59). Data of a sociodemographical, professional and health nature were collected and information about the psychological impact triggered by the containment period. The emotional suffering aveliated using the emotional thermometer (TE), six models of structural equations have been developed to exploit possible predictors of emotional suffering. Results: The structural model anxiety showed na adjustment even if it is also acceptable (2/df=3,308; RMSEA=0,037; NFI=0,826; CFI=0,867; TLI=0,779; SRMR=0,0296). Anxiety is better explained by variables: sex ( = – 0,143; p < 0,001), age ( = – 0,197; p < 0,001) and chronic disease ( = – 0,066; p = 0,006). The days of quarantine and living alone or accompanied are not linked to anxiety according to this model. Conclusion: Being female and belonging to the younger age group, that is, being a woman and/or young adult, including middle-aged individuals, as well as having a chronic illness have been shown to be predictors of high levels of emotional distress, namely high levels of anxiety. Accordingly, being a woman, a young adult and a chronic patient may even constitute a risk for these individuals, in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, since this context is full of a panoply of repercussions affecting the most varied domains of these individuals' lives, namely at individual level, i.e. the individual him/herself, at family level, with regard to intra-family relationships and interpersonal relationships in general, as well as at the level of the work context, i.e. the way in which the work context is cemented around the individual and the quality of the relationships between him/her and his/her peers.
Introduction: The purpose of this study is to explore,from the analysis of possible predictors, whether the contexto of pandemic by COVID-19, specifically, during the period in which the state of emergency was decided, emotional suffering over individuals of the portuguese general population was decided. Method: Observer, descriptive, exploratory and cross-cutting study, involving around 1698 participants (79.1 % of female and 20.9 % of male), aged 18 to 84 (M=40.86; DP=11.59). Data of a sociodemographical, professional and health nature were collected and information about the psychological impact triggered by the containment period. The emotional suffering aveliated using the emotional thermometer (TE), six models of structural equations have been developed to exploit possible predictors of emotional suffering. Results: The structural model anxiety showed na adjustment even if it is also acceptable (2/df=3,308; RMSEA=0,037; NFI=0,826; CFI=0,867; TLI=0,779; SRMR=0,0296). Anxiety is better explained by variables: sex ( = – 0,143; p < 0,001), age ( = – 0,197; p < 0,001) and chronic disease ( = – 0,066; p = 0,006). The days of quarantine and living alone or accompanied are not linked to anxiety according to this model. Conclusion: Being female and belonging to the younger age group, that is, being a woman and/or young adult, including middle-aged individuals, as well as having a chronic illness have been shown to be predictors of high levels of emotional distress, namely high levels of anxiety. Accordingly, being a woman, a young adult and a chronic patient may even constitute a risk for these individuals, in the context of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, since this context is full of a panoply of repercussions affecting the most varied domains of these individuals' lives, namely at individual level, i.e. the individual him/herself, at family level, with regard to intra-family relationships and interpersonal relationships in general, as well as at the level of the work context, i.e. the way in which the work context is cemented around the individual and the quality of the relationships between him/her and his/her peers.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção do grau de Mestre, na especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.
Keywords
Impacto psicossocial COVID 19 Confinamento Psychosocial impact Containment