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Publication
Adesão à terapêutica no VIH/SIDA: Efeitos de uma intervenção baseada no modelo de auto-regulação
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A adesão à medicação no contexto do VIH é fundamental, no entanto,
fatores relacionados com as representações dos pacientes sobre a infecção e o tratamento
podem contribuir para uma menor adesão. Nesta investigação, verificaram-se os efeitos de um
programa de intervenção, baseado no Modelo de Auto-Regulação de Leventhal, no
comportamento de adesão à terapêutica antiretroviral.
Método: Estudo experimental, randomizado com 26 sujeitos infectados pelo VIH e a
tomar medicação, distribuídos por grupo de controlo (N=9) e de intervenção (N=9). O
programa de intervenção teve a duração de 3 meses e focou-se nas representações e crenças,
auto-eficácia, práticas auto-regulatórias, dificuldades e estratégias na adesão ao tratamento.
Avaliaram-se as características sociodemográficas, clínicas, adesão, auto-eficácia,
representações da doença, crenças acerca da medicação e estado de saúde, antes e após a
intervenção.
Resultados: Verifica-se que a intervenção teve impacto no aumento da Auto-eficácia
dos sujeitos de grupo de intervenção (p=0,028). Apesar de não se terem verificado diferenças
significativas nas restantes variáveis, observa-se que os sujeitos do grupo de intervenção
apresentam valores mais altos de adesão e representavam o VIH como uma condição estável,
com menos impacto físico e sintomático, representam a medicação como necessária,
demonstrando confiança em tomar a TAR. Todos os sujeitos mostraram-se extremamente
satisfeitos com a intervenção, no seu geral.
A realização de estudos de intervenção, com base no Modelo de Auto-Regulação de
Leventhal, parece contribuir francamente para a melhoria e manutenção da adesão à
terapêutica no contexto do VIH e suas variáveis associadas.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Taking medication, in the context of HIV, is of significant importance, nevertheless, factors related with patients beliefs about HIV and treatment, can potentially contributed to a less adherence. The main objective in this research is to assess the effects of an intervention, based on Leventhal's Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation, in adherence to medication. Method: Experimental randomized trial with 26 subjects with HIV and taking medication, distributed by control group (N-9) and intervention group (N-9). The intervention lasted 3 months and focused on beliefs about disease and treatment, self-efficacy, selfregulating practices, difficulties and strategies of following the treatment. Social, demographic, clinic, adherence, self-efficacy, representations about HIV, beliefs about medication and health condition have been assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention showed significant effect on self-efficacy’s (p=0,028) intervention group. Beside, those subjects show higher adherence to medication, represent HIV as a chronic condition, with less symptoms, and believe that TAR is necessary and feel confidence in taking it. All subjects were extremely satisfied with the intervention. Conclusion: Leventhal's Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation looks promising for the management of adherence to medication and associated factors, in the context of HIV/AIDS.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Taking medication, in the context of HIV, is of significant importance, nevertheless, factors related with patients beliefs about HIV and treatment, can potentially contributed to a less adherence. The main objective in this research is to assess the effects of an intervention, based on Leventhal's Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation, in adherence to medication. Method: Experimental randomized trial with 26 subjects with HIV and taking medication, distributed by control group (N-9) and intervention group (N-9). The intervention lasted 3 months and focused on beliefs about disease and treatment, self-efficacy, selfregulating practices, difficulties and strategies of following the treatment. Social, demographic, clinic, adherence, self-efficacy, representations about HIV, beliefs about medication and health condition have been assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The intervention showed significant effect on self-efficacy’s (p=0,028) intervention group. Beside, those subjects show higher adherence to medication, represent HIV as a chronic condition, with less symptoms, and believe that TAR is necessary and feel confidence in taking it. All subjects were extremely satisfied with the intervention. Conclusion: Leventhal's Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation looks promising for the management of adherence to medication and associated factors, in the context of HIV/AIDS.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Saúde apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
VIH/SIDA Adesão Intervenção Auto-regulação HIV/AIDS Adherence Intervention Self-regulation