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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Problema: A psicopatia e a empatia apresentam-se como dois construtos fundamentais no
contexto das relações interpessoais. Não obstante, destaca-se uma inconsistência de resultados
obtidos em estudos anteriores e uma escassez de informações relativas à população prisional
portuguesa, no que diz respeito à presença destes conceitos e à relação entre ambos. Objetivo:
Objetivou-se determinar os níveis de empatia e psicopatia na população prisional portuguesa,
verificar se existe uma relação entre empatia e psicopatia e compreender as diferenças nos
níveis de empatia e psicopatia e nesta relação considerando três variáveis sociodemográficas
relativas ao sexo dos/as participantes, existência de filhos e status de relacionamento. Método:
A recolha de dados foi realizada em nove estabelecimentos prisionais em Portugal. A amostra
total é constituída por 384 participantes, a cumprir pena efetiva de prisão. Os resultados foram
obtidos através do preenchimento de um questionário sociodemográfico, da Basic Empathy
Scale – BES-A e da Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – LSRP. Resultados: A análise
dos dados evidenciou que o sexo dos/as participantes influencia o nível de empatia, na medida
em que os indivíduos do sexo feminino possuem um valor médio de empatia total e empatia
cognitiva superior. A existência de uma relação amorosa influencia o nível de psicopatia, com
os indivíduos em relacionamentos amorosos a reportarem um valor médio inferior de
psicopatia. Não foram encontradas evidências de que a empatia se correlaciona com o nível de
psicopatia, embora os resultados demonstrem que a relação entre empatia e psicopatia pode
variar entre os grupos definidos pelo sexo. As análises de moderação realizadas indiciam que
o sexo dos/as participantes moderou o efeito da psicopatia na empatia.
ABSTRACT: Problem: Psychopathy and empathy present themselves as two fundamental constructs in the context of interpersonal relationships. However, there is an inconsistency in results obtained in previous studies and a lack of information regarding the Portuguese prison population, regarding the presence of these concepts and the relationship between them. Objective: The objective was to determine the levels of empathy and psychopathy in a sample of the Portuguese prison population, to verify whether there is a relationship between empathy and psychopathy and to understand the differences in the levels of empathy and psychopathy and in this relation considering three sociodemographic variables: the sex of the participants, the existence of children and relationship status. Method: Data collection was carried out in nine prisons in Portugal. The total sample consists of 384 participants, serving an effective prison sentence. The results were obtained by completing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Basic Empathy Scale – BES-A and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – LSRP. Results: Data analysis showed that the sex of the participants influences the level of empathy, as female individuals have a higher average value of total empathy and cognitive empathy. The existence of a romantic relationship influences the level of psychopathy, with individuals in romantic relationships reporting a lower average value of psychopathy. No evidence was found that empathy correlates with the level of psychopathy, although the results demonstrate that the relationship between empathy and psychopathy may vary between groups defined by sex. The moderation analyzes carried out indicate that the sex of the participants moderated the effect of psychopathy on empathy.
ABSTRACT: Problem: Psychopathy and empathy present themselves as two fundamental constructs in the context of interpersonal relationships. However, there is an inconsistency in results obtained in previous studies and a lack of information regarding the Portuguese prison population, regarding the presence of these concepts and the relationship between them. Objective: The objective was to determine the levels of empathy and psychopathy in a sample of the Portuguese prison population, to verify whether there is a relationship between empathy and psychopathy and to understand the differences in the levels of empathy and psychopathy and in this relation considering three sociodemographic variables: the sex of the participants, the existence of children and relationship status. Method: Data collection was carried out in nine prisons in Portugal. The total sample consists of 384 participants, serving an effective prison sentence. The results were obtained by completing a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Basic Empathy Scale – BES-A and the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – LSRP. Results: Data analysis showed that the sex of the participants influences the level of empathy, as female individuals have a higher average value of total empathy and cognitive empathy. The existence of a romantic relationship influences the level of psychopathy, with individuals in romantic relationships reporting a lower average value of psychopathy. No evidence was found that empathy correlates with the level of psychopathy, although the results demonstrate that the relationship between empathy and psychopathy may vary between groups defined by sex. The moderation analyzes carried out indicate that the sex of the participants moderated the effect of psychopathy on empathy.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário, para obtenção do grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Forense.
Keywords
Psicopatia Empatia População prisional Relações familiares Status de relacionamento Diferenças de sexo Psychopathy Empathy Prison population Family relationships Relationship status Sex differences