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Intuição e racionalidade no futebol : os estilos intuitivos e racionais de jogadores de futebol consoante o género e as posições ocupadas em campo
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Abstract(s)
O propósito desta investigação, foi o de descrever os estilos decisionais de jogadores de futebol amadores e profissionais, do género feminino e masculino, de acordo com as posições que estes ocupam em campo. Para tal, procurámos avaliar as variáveis mencionadas anteriormente, mediante as suas auto-percepções.
Em termos amostrais, foram consideradas 19 equipas de 3 escalões competitivos (juvenis, juniores e séniores) do qual fizeram parte 285 atletas (155 atletas do sexo masculino e 130 atletas do sexo feminino) que representam 5 clubes. No que diz respeito à idade dos participantes, esta varia entre os 12 e os 43 anos, com uma média aproximada de 19 anos (M=18.91) e um desvio-padrão (DP) de 4.83.
Relativamente ao instrumento utilizado, para identificar os estilos de tomada de decisão, utilizou-se o Rational‐Experiential Inventory (REI‐40) de Pacini e Epstein (1999).
De acordo com os resultados obtidos, não existe uma interação entre o género, os estilos decisionais e as posições gerais e específicas que os atletas ocupam em campo. Contudo, foi possível averiguar que existem efetivamente diferenças significativas entre género nos estilos decisionais, com as atletas do género feminino a obter scores mais elevados de racionalidade e os atletas do género masculino, scores superiores de intuição, comparativamente ao género feminino. Adicionalmente, os dados sugerem que existem diferenças nos estilos decisionais entre atletas não polivalentes e polivalentes (nas suas posições em campo), com estes últimos a obter scores superiores de experiencialidade, comparativamente com os atletas que ocupam apenas uma posição em campo. Observou-se ainda que existem diferenças nos estilos decisionais dos atletas entre escalões competitivos, com os juniores (quer masculinos quer femininos), a obter níveis de experiencialidade superiores aos restantes escalões. No entanto, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os estilos decisionais entre posições específicas.
The purpose of this research was to describe the decision-making styles of amateur and professional female and male soccer players, according to their positions on the field. For this, we try to evaluate the variables mentioned above, through their self-perceptions. In sample terms, 19 teams from 3 competitive levels (juveniles, juniors and seniors) were considered, which included 285 athletes (155 male athletes and 130 female athletes) representing 5 clubs. Regarding the age of participants, it varies between 12 and 43 years old, with an average of 19 years (M = 18.91) and a standard deviation (SD) of 4.83. Regarding the instrument used to identify decision-making styles, the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-40) by Pacini and Epstein (1999). According to the results obtained, there is no interaction between gender, decision styles and general and specific positions that athletes occupy in the field. However, it was found that there are indeed significant gender differences in decision styles, with female athletes getting higher rationality scores and male athletes with higher intuition scores than women. In addition, the data suggest that there are differences in decision styles between non-polyvalent and polyvalent athletes, with the latter reaching higher experimental scores compared to athletes occupying only one field position. It was also observed that there are differences in athletes' decision styles between competitive levels, with juniors (male and female) getting higher levels of experience than the other levels. However, no significant differences were found between decision styles between specific positions.
The purpose of this research was to describe the decision-making styles of amateur and professional female and male soccer players, according to their positions on the field. For this, we try to evaluate the variables mentioned above, through their self-perceptions. In sample terms, 19 teams from 3 competitive levels (juveniles, juniors and seniors) were considered, which included 285 athletes (155 male athletes and 130 female athletes) representing 5 clubs. Regarding the age of participants, it varies between 12 and 43 years old, with an average of 19 years (M = 18.91) and a standard deviation (SD) of 4.83. Regarding the instrument used to identify decision-making styles, the Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-40) by Pacini and Epstein (1999). According to the results obtained, there is no interaction between gender, decision styles and general and specific positions that athletes occupy in the field. However, it was found that there are indeed significant gender differences in decision styles, with female athletes getting higher rationality scores and male athletes with higher intuition scores than women. In addition, the data suggest that there are differences in decision styles between non-polyvalent and polyvalent athletes, with the latter reaching higher experimental scores compared to athletes occupying only one field position. It was also observed that there are differences in athletes' decision styles between competitive levels, with juniors (male and female) getting higher levels of experience than the other levels. However, no significant differences were found between decision styles between specific positions.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.
Keywords
Estilos de tomada de decisão Racionalidade Experiencialidade CEST Posições em campo Futebol Decision making styles Racionalityp Experienciality Field positions Soccer