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Associações entre empatia, simpatia e os comportamentos internalizantes e externalizantes dos jovens
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Tanto os comportamentos externalizantes e internalizantes, como a empatia afetiva e cognitiva e a simpatia têm sido estudados ao longo do tempo por vários autores. Este estudo foca-se precisamente nos dois tipos de comportamentos, nas duas dimensões da empatia e na simpatia relativamente à idade e género, tendo como objetivo compreender se existe diferença entre os comportamentos externalizantes e internalizantes, a empatia afetiva e cognitiva e na simpatia no que diz respeito à idade (dos 10 aos 13 anos) e ao género das crianças/jovens. Neste estudo participaram 199 pessoas, sendo 101 raparigas e 98 rapazes. Para avaliar os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos das crianças/jovens foi utilizado o instrumento Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, Goodman et al., 1998 adaptado por Marzocchi et al., 2004), para avaliar a empatia foi aplicado o Questionnaire to Assess Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Children (QACEC, Zoll & Enz, 2010 adaptado por Veiga & Santos, 2011) e por fim, para avaliar a simpatia foi aplicado o Child-Report Sympathy Scale (Eisenberg et al., 1996; Zhou et al., 2003). Das hipóteses que foram colocadas neste estudo, apenas três se comprovaram tendo em conta a literatura e os resultados obtidos.
Both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, as well as affective and cognitive empathy and sympathy have been studied over time by several authors. This study focuses precisely on the two types of behavior, on the two dimensions of empathy and sympathy in relation to age and gender, with the aim of understanding whether there is a difference between externalizing and internalizing behaviors, affective and cognitive empathy and sympathy in terms of concerns the age (from 10 to 13 years old) and the gender of the children/young people. 199 people participated in this study, 101 girls and 98 boys. To assess the strengths and weaknesses of children/young people, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, Goodman et al., 1998 adapted by Marzocchi et al., 2004) was used; to assess empathy the Questionnaire to Assess Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Children (QACEC, Zoll & Enz, 2010 adapted by Veiga & Santos, 2011) was applied and finally, to assess the sympathy, the Child-Report Sympathy Scale (Eisenberg et al., 1996; Zhou et al., 2003) was applied. As a whole, of the hypotheses that were put forward in this study, only three were proven, taking into account the literature and the results obtained.
Both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, as well as affective and cognitive empathy and sympathy have been studied over time by several authors. This study focuses precisely on the two types of behavior, on the two dimensions of empathy and sympathy in relation to age and gender, with the aim of understanding whether there is a difference between externalizing and internalizing behaviors, affective and cognitive empathy and sympathy in terms of concerns the age (from 10 to 13 years old) and the gender of the children/young people. 199 people participated in this study, 101 girls and 98 boys. To assess the strengths and weaknesses of children/young people, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ, Goodman et al., 1998 adapted by Marzocchi et al., 2004) was used; to assess empathy the Questionnaire to Assess Affective and Cognitive Empathy in Children (QACEC, Zoll & Enz, 2010 adapted by Veiga & Santos, 2011) was applied and finally, to assess the sympathy, the Child-Report Sympathy Scale (Eisenberg et al., 1996; Zhou et al., 2003) was applied. As a whole, of the hypotheses that were put forward in this study, only three were proven, taking into account the literature and the results obtained.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Psicologia na especialidade de Psicologia e Psicopatologia do Desenvolvimento.
Keywords
Comportamentos externalizantes Comportamentos internalizantes Empatia afetiva Empatia cognitiva Simpatia Externalizing behaviors Internalizing behaviors Affective empathy Cognitive empathy Sympathy
Citation
Martins, R. (2024). Associações entre empatia, simpatia e os comportamentos internalizantes e externalizantes dos jovens [Dissertação de Mestrado]. Ispa - Instituto Universitário.