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Palavras que magoam: Um modelo preditivo da agressividade verbal com base em variáveis psicossociais numa amostra comunitária
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Abstract(s)
Nos últimos anos tem-se observado um aumento significativo do discurso de ódio por todo o mundo. Apesar do crescente interesse científico, a investigação nesta área apresenta limitações. Neste sentido, a agressividade verbal tem sido considerada uma manifestação aproximada do fenómeno. Não obstante, destaca-se uma lacuna relativamente aos fatores psicossociais que podem estar associados à expressão da agressividade verbal.
A presente investigação objetivou determinar os níveis de agressividade geral e verbal, empatia, compaixão, preconceito (polimorfo/sexual e sexismo), atitude multicultural e comportamentos antissociais, numa amostra comunitária; verificar a existência de disparidades de género ao nível das variáveis supramencionadas; e explorar as relações entre estes construtos psicológicos com vista à composição de um modelo preditivo da agressividade verbal enquanto possível manifestação associada ao discurso de ódio.
A amostra final contou com 104 mulheres e 54 homens da população geral. Os resultados evidenciaram diferenças significativas ao nível da empatia, compaixão, preconceito polimorfo e sexismo, atitude multicultural e comportamentos antissociais, com as mulheres a reportar valores mais elevados, à exceção dos preconceitos polimorfo e sexismo e comportamentos antissociais, onde as pontuações dos homens foram superiores.
De um modo geral, apuraram-se associações significativas entre a agressividade global e a dimensão verbal, tanto para a amostra total, como para as subamostras feminina e masculina. Detetaram-se também correlações significativas entre a agressividade verbal e o preconceito sexual apenas para a amostra total e subamostra masculina. Observaram-se, ainda, associações significativas entre a agressividade verbal e a compaixão para a amostra total e subamostra feminina. Verificou-se o mesmo padrão para as correlações encontradas entre a agressividade verbal e os comportamentos antissociais.
O modelo de regressão sugeriu que a compaixão e o preconceito sexual representam fatores protetores, ao passo que a empatia e os comportamentos antissociais representam fatores de risco para comportamentos verbalmente agressivos.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in hate speech worldwide. Despite growing scientific interest, research in this area has limitations. In this sense, verbal aggression has been considered a proxy manifestation of the phenomenon. However, there is a significant gap in the psychosocial factors that may be associated with the expression of verbal aggression. This research aimed to determine the levels of general and verbal aggression, empathy, compassion, prejudice (polymorphous/sexual and sexism), multicultural attitudes, and antisocial behaviors in a community sample; to verify the existence of gender disparities in the aforementioned variables; and to explore the relationships between these psychological constructs with a view to developing a predictive model of verbal aggression as a possible manifestation associated with hate speech. The final sample consisted of 104 women and 54 men from the general population. The results showed significant differences in terms of empathy, compassion, polymorphous prejudice and sexism, multicultural attitudes, and antisocial behaviors, with women reporting higher scores, except for polymorphous prejudice and sexism and antisocial behaviors, where men's scores were higher. In general, significant associations were found between global aggression and the verbal dimension, both for the total sample and for the female and male subsamples. Significant correlations were also detected between verbal aggression and sexual prejudice only for the total sample and the male subsample. Significant associations were also observed between verbal aggression and compassion for the total sample and the female subsample. The same pattern was observed for the correlations found between verbal aggression and antisocial behaviors. The regression model suggested that compassion and sexual prejudice represent protective factors, while empathy and antisocial behavior represent risk factors for verbally aggressive behavior.
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in hate speech worldwide. Despite growing scientific interest, research in this area has limitations. In this sense, verbal aggression has been considered a proxy manifestation of the phenomenon. However, there is a significant gap in the psychosocial factors that may be associated with the expression of verbal aggression. This research aimed to determine the levels of general and verbal aggression, empathy, compassion, prejudice (polymorphous/sexual and sexism), multicultural attitudes, and antisocial behaviors in a community sample; to verify the existence of gender disparities in the aforementioned variables; and to explore the relationships between these psychological constructs with a view to developing a predictive model of verbal aggression as a possible manifestation associated with hate speech. The final sample consisted of 104 women and 54 men from the general population. The results showed significant differences in terms of empathy, compassion, polymorphous prejudice and sexism, multicultural attitudes, and antisocial behaviors, with women reporting higher scores, except for polymorphous prejudice and sexism and antisocial behaviors, where men's scores were higher. In general, significant associations were found between global aggression and the verbal dimension, both for the total sample and for the female and male subsamples. Significant correlations were also detected between verbal aggression and sexual prejudice only for the total sample and the male subsample. Significant associations were also observed between verbal aggression and compassion for the total sample and the female subsample. The same pattern was observed for the correlations found between verbal aggression and antisocial behaviors. The regression model suggested that compassion and sexual prejudice represent protective factors, while empathy and antisocial behavior represent risk factors for verbally aggressive behavior.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Forense.
Keywords
Agressividade verbal Empatia Compaixão Preconceito polimorfo/sexual Sexismo Atitude multicultural Comportamento antissocial. Verbal aggression Empathy Compassion Polymorphous/sexual prejudice Sexism Multicultural attitude Antisocial behavior