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Gravidez e mudança catastrófica : Três estudos de caso
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Abstract(s)
A gravidez tem sido compreendida pela literatura psicanalítica enquanto experiência
crítica, regressiva e maturativa, na qual são revisitados os organizadores do desenvolvimento
psicossexual infantil que estruturam o psiquismo.
É proposto que a experiência psíquica da gravidez possa ser conceptualizada como
uma mudança catastrófica: uma experiência violenta e subversiva que, ao ser transformada
pelo aparelho para pensar pensamentos da mulher grávida, transforma a própria mente.
Estudar a forma como a mente da mulher grávida experimenta, transforma e significa a
gravidez, transformando-se nesse processo, sublinhando o carácter original e subjetivamente
singular desta experiência é o objetivo desta investigação.
A Teoria das Transformações de Bion é convocada como modelo de observação da
mente da grávida. A gravidez, enquanto experiência emocional, é entendida como elemento β
a ser transformado num elemento psíquico α, pelo aparelho para pensar pensamentos. Através
do funcionamento de PS↔︎D e ♀♂, a grávida constitui a gravidez como um objeto psíquico e
significa-o.
São apresentados, analisados e discutidos três estudos de caso. Os estudos baseiam-se
nas narrativas de mulheres grávidas, recolhidas em cada um dos trimestres das suas
gravidezes, através de Entrevistas Narrativas de Associação Livre e da aplicação das provas
projetivas Rorschach e TAT (esta última numa versão reduzida). A análise das narrativas é
orientada por uma matriz comum, na qual se operacionalizam os conceitos centrais da Teoria
das Transformações de Bion, de forma a ser possível observar e descrever o funcionamento
de PS↔︎D e ♀♂ ao longo da gravidez de cada uma das mulheres estudadas.
Um padrão transformativo comum aos três casos é assinalado, suficientemente flexível
para que as singularidades de cada percurso sejam reconhecidas e destacadas. O padrão
transformativo verificado permite sustentar que a gravidez produz uma alteração violenta e
subversiva da barreira de contacto e, consequentemente, no tecido psíquico espácio-temporal.
Permite, igualmente, considerar que a reconfiguração do tecido mental é realizada através do
uso dos objetos relacionais como continentes auxiliares, da exploração do corpo habitado e
em transformação como suporte do pensamento, e da bidirecionalidade da temporalidade
psíquica como mecanismo de (re)significação da experiência. Finalmente, permite sugerir que
K, enquanto vínculo emocional, que alimenta a curiosidade e o desejo de compreender a
experiência que se propõe à mente para ser pensada, é um elemento determinante e central
nesta reconfiguração do tecido psíquico.
Uma nova perspetiva sobre a experiência psíquica da gravidez emerge desta
investigação, relevante para as intervenções psicoterapêuticas com mulheres grávidas, mas
também para as intervenções conduzidas pelos profissionais de saúde, designadamente
obstetras, enfermeiros e formadores envolvidos em cursos de preparação para o parto.
Esta investigação constitui-se também como ilustração de uma metodologia informada
psicanaliticamente, capaz de estudar a mente fora da situação terapêutica e de operacionalizar
teorias psicanalíticas que emergem nesse contexto.
ABSTRACT : Pregnancy has been understood by psychoanalytic literature as a critical experience, a regressive and maturative one, in which are revisited the nuclear dimensions that structure the mind through the infantile psychosexual development. It is proposed that the psychic experience of pregnancy can be conceptualized as a catastrophic change: an experience that is violent and subversive and that, while being transformed by the apparatus for thinking thoughts of the pregnant woman, transforms the mind itself. To study the way the mind of the pregnant woman experiences and transforms pregnancy, being transformed by it, highlighting the originality and the subjective singularity of this experience, is the purpose of this research. Bion’s Theory of Transformations is used as a model for observing the mind of the pregnant woman. Pregnancy, as an emotional experience, is understood as a β element that has to be transformed into a psychic element, an α element, by the apparatus for thinking thoughts. Through the operation of PS↔︎D and ♀♂ the pregnant woman configures her pregnancy as a psychic object and generates it’s meaning. Three case studies are presented, analysed and discussed. These studies are supported on the narratives of pregnant women, collected at each of the trimesters of their pregnancies, through Free Association Narrative Interviews and the administration of projective tests, the Rorschach and a selection of TAT cards. A common matrix orients the analysis of these narratives; this matrix operationalizes the central concepts of Bion’s Theory of Transformations, so that the functioning of PS↔︎D and ♀♂ can be observed and described, through the pregnancy of each of the studied women. A common pattern to the three cases studied is portrayed, one that is flexible enough so that the singularities of each journey can be recognised and highlighted. The transformational pattern presented allows to assert that pregnancy violently and subversively alters the contact barrier and the spatiotemporal fabric of the psyche. It also allows to consider that the reconfiguration of the mental fabric is supported by an use of the relational objects as auxiliaries containers, by a thoughtful exploration of the inhabited and changing body, and by the bidirectionality of psychic temporality as a mechanism of (re)signification of the experience. Finally, it allows to suggest that K, as an emotional link, that nurtures curiosity and the desire to understand the experience that is proposed as a thought to the mind, is a crucial and central element of this reconfiguration of the psychic fabric. A new perspective about the psychic experience of pregnancy emerges from this research, relevant to psychotherapeutic interventions with pregnant women, but also to the interventions conducted by the health care professionals, namely obstetrician doctors, nurses and those involved on guiding pre-natal classes. This research also constitutes an illustration of a psychoanalytic informed methodology that is able to study the mind outside the therapeutic setting and to operationalize psychoanalytic theories that emerge on that context.
ABSTRACT : Pregnancy has been understood by psychoanalytic literature as a critical experience, a regressive and maturative one, in which are revisited the nuclear dimensions that structure the mind through the infantile psychosexual development. It is proposed that the psychic experience of pregnancy can be conceptualized as a catastrophic change: an experience that is violent and subversive and that, while being transformed by the apparatus for thinking thoughts of the pregnant woman, transforms the mind itself. To study the way the mind of the pregnant woman experiences and transforms pregnancy, being transformed by it, highlighting the originality and the subjective singularity of this experience, is the purpose of this research. Bion’s Theory of Transformations is used as a model for observing the mind of the pregnant woman. Pregnancy, as an emotional experience, is understood as a β element that has to be transformed into a psychic element, an α element, by the apparatus for thinking thoughts. Through the operation of PS↔︎D and ♀♂ the pregnant woman configures her pregnancy as a psychic object and generates it’s meaning. Three case studies are presented, analysed and discussed. These studies are supported on the narratives of pregnant women, collected at each of the trimesters of their pregnancies, through Free Association Narrative Interviews and the administration of projective tests, the Rorschach and a selection of TAT cards. A common matrix orients the analysis of these narratives; this matrix operationalizes the central concepts of Bion’s Theory of Transformations, so that the functioning of PS↔︎D and ♀♂ can be observed and described, through the pregnancy of each of the studied women. A common pattern to the three cases studied is portrayed, one that is flexible enough so that the singularities of each journey can be recognised and highlighted. The transformational pattern presented allows to assert that pregnancy violently and subversively alters the contact barrier and the spatiotemporal fabric of the psyche. It also allows to consider that the reconfiguration of the mental fabric is supported by an use of the relational objects as auxiliaries containers, by a thoughtful exploration of the inhabited and changing body, and by the bidirectionality of psychic temporality as a mechanism of (re)signification of the experience. Finally, it allows to suggest that K, as an emotional link, that nurtures curiosity and the desire to understand the experience that is proposed as a thought to the mind, is a crucial and central element of this reconfiguration of the psychic fabric. A new perspective about the psychic experience of pregnancy emerges from this research, relevant to psychotherapeutic interventions with pregnant women, but also to the interventions conducted by the health care professionals, namely obstetrician doctors, nurses and those involved on guiding pre-natal classes. This research also constitutes an illustration of a psychoanalytic informed methodology that is able to study the mind outside the therapeutic setting and to operationalize psychoanalytic theories that emerge on that context.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia na área de especialidade Psicologia Clínica Apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Gravidez Transformações Psicanálise Narrativas Pregnancy Transformations Psychoanalysis Narratives