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A adolescência constitui uma fase crítica para o desenvolvimento do autoconceito e da autoestima, no qual a vinculação e a qualidade das amizades assumem um papel central. O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto da vinculação e da qualidade da amizade no autoconceito dos adolescentes, considerando diferenças em função da idade e do género. Deste modo, participaram 128 adolescentes portugueses (género: 84 do feminino e 44 do masculino), com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 18 anos, estes responderam a instrumentos, como a Escala de Vinculação de Kerns, o Questionário da Qualidade da Amizade e a Escala de Autoconceito para Adolescentes. A análise dos dados incluiu Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, correlações e Modelos Lineares Gerais (GLM) para explorar efeitos multivariados e univariados.
Os resultados demonstraram que a vinculação apresenta um impacto mais forte e abrangente no autoconceito e na autoestima, em oposição à qualidade da amizade. Assim, a vinculação segura associou-se positivamente à autoestima global e à aparência física, sugerindo que a vinculação é fundamental no ajustamento psicológico dos adolescentes. A qualidade da amizade, embora não significativa de modo geral, revelou uma associação com a amizade íntima, reforçando a importância da proximidade e da partilha emocional nas amizades. Por fim, verificaram-se diferenças de género, sendo que as raparigas reportaram níveis mais elevados de intimidade, ajuda e orientação nas amizades, enquanto os rapazes apresentaram valores superiores na competência atlética. Relativamente à idade, a competência escolar foi inferior nos adolescentes de 15 anos, comparativamente aos de 17/18 anos.
Adolescence is a critical stage for the development of self-concept and self-esteem, in which bonding and the quality of friendships play a central role. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of bonding and the quality of friendship on adolescents' self-concept, considering differences in terms of age and gender. Therefore, 128 Portuguese adolescents participated (gender: 84 feminine and 44 masculine), aged between 15 and 18 years, who responded to instruments such as the Kerns Security Scale, Friendship Quality Questionnaire, and the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Data analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis, correlations, and General Linear Models (GLM) to explore multivariate and univariate effects. The results showed that attachment has a stronger and more comprehensive impact on self-concept and self-esteem than friendship quality. In addition, secure attachment was positively associated with overall self-esteem and physical appearance, suggesting that attachment is fundamental to adolescents' psychological adjustment. The quality of friendship, although not significant overall, revealed an association with close friendship, reinforcing the importance of closeness and emotional sharing in friendships. Finally, gender differences were found, with girls reporting higher levels of intimacy, help, and guidance in friendships, while boys scored higher in athletic competence. Regarding age, academic competence was lower in 15-year-olds compared to 17/18-year-olds.
Adolescence is a critical stage for the development of self-concept and self-esteem, in which bonding and the quality of friendships play a central role. The present study aimed to analyze the impact of bonding and the quality of friendship on adolescents' self-concept, considering differences in terms of age and gender. Therefore, 128 Portuguese adolescents participated (gender: 84 feminine and 44 masculine), aged between 15 and 18 years, who responded to instruments such as the Kerns Security Scale, Friendship Quality Questionnaire, and the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Data analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis, correlations, and General Linear Models (GLM) to explore multivariate and univariate effects. The results showed that attachment has a stronger and more comprehensive impact on self-concept and self-esteem than friendship quality. In addition, secure attachment was positively associated with overall self-esteem and physical appearance, suggesting that attachment is fundamental to adolescents' psychological adjustment. The quality of friendship, although not significant overall, revealed an association with close friendship, reinforcing the importance of closeness and emotional sharing in friendships. Finally, gender differences were found, with girls reporting higher levels of intimacy, help, and guidance in friendships, while boys scored higher in athletic competence. Regarding age, academic competence was lower in 15-year-olds compared to 17/18-year-olds.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Adolescência Autoconceito Autoestima Qualidade da amizade Vinculação Adolescence Attachment Friendship quality Self-concept Self-esteem.