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Coesão familiar e identidade no pedido de ajuda para os comportamentos autolesivos na adolescência
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Resumo(s)
Literatura sugere que os Comportamentos Autolesivos (CAL) têm aumentado significativamente ao longo dos anos, principalmente na adolescência. Compreender o que facilita e impede os adolescentes a pedir ajuda para cessar estes comportamentos torna-se cada vez mais importante. Assim, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar o papel da coesão familiar e do desenvolvimento identitário com as barreiras que impedem os adolescentes a pedir ajuda. Participaram neste estudo 763 adolescentes com idades entre os 12 e os 21 anos (M = 16,6; SD = 2,0), que responderam a um protocolo com questionários de autorrelato que mediam as variáveis acima descritas. Foram comparados adolescentes com e sem história de CAL em relação à coesão familiar e à identidade. Foram analisadas as relações entre as variáveis da coesão familiar e do desenvolvimento identitário com as barreiras para o pedido de ajuda para os CAL. Por fim, foram analisadas as dimensões da coesão familiar com as barreiras para o pedido de ajuda mediada por uma das dimensões do desenvolvimento identitário, a identificação com o compromisso.
Os resultados mostraram que adolescentes com história de CAL apresentam indicadores de pertencerem a sistemas familiares menos coesos comparativamente com os adolescentes sem história de CAL e apresentam características de uma identidade mais difusa no ciclo exploratório. Verificou-se também que adolescentes em famílias mais coesas reportam menos barreiras para o pedido de ajuda para os CAL e que a identificação com o compromisso, dimensão explorativa do desenvolvimento identitário, cumpre um papel importante no pedido de ajuda para os CAL, tendo se apresentado como mediadora da relação entre a coesão familiar e uma das barreiras para o pedido de ajuda, a minimização do problema e contenção emocional.
ABSTRACT: The literature suggests that Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) have significantly increased over the years, especially in adolescents. Understanding what facilitates and prevents adolescents from asking for help to stop these behaviours becomes increasingly important. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of family cohesion and identity development with the barriers that prevent adolescents from asking for help. 763 adolescents aged between 12 and 21 years old (M = 16.6; SD = 2.0) participated in this study, responding to a protocol with self-report questionnaires that measured the variables described above. Adolescents with and without a history of DSH were compared in relation to family cohesion and identity development. Relations were revealed between variations in family cohesion and identity development, and barriers to asking for help for DSH. Finally, the dimensions of family cohesion were analysed with the barriers to asking for help mediated by one of the dimensions of identity development, identification with commitment. The results showed that adolescents with history of DSH show signs of belonging to less cohesive families compared to adolescents without history of DSH and show characteristics of a more diffuse identity, especially in the exploratory cycle. It was also found that adolescents in more cohesive families report fewer barriers to asking for help for DSH and that identification with commitment, an exploratory dimension of identity development, plays an important role as a mediator of the relationship between family cohesion and one of the barriers to asking for help, minimizing the problem and emotional containment.
ABSTRACT: The literature suggests that Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) have significantly increased over the years, especially in adolescents. Understanding what facilitates and prevents adolescents from asking for help to stop these behaviours becomes increasingly important. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of investigating the role of family cohesion and identity development with the barriers that prevent adolescents from asking for help. 763 adolescents aged between 12 and 21 years old (M = 16.6; SD = 2.0) participated in this study, responding to a protocol with self-report questionnaires that measured the variables described above. Adolescents with and without a history of DSH were compared in relation to family cohesion and identity development. Relations were revealed between variations in family cohesion and identity development, and barriers to asking for help for DSH. Finally, the dimensions of family cohesion were analysed with the barriers to asking for help mediated by one of the dimensions of identity development, identification with commitment. The results showed that adolescents with history of DSH show signs of belonging to less cohesive families compared to adolescents without history of DSH and show characteristics of a more diffuse identity, especially in the exploratory cycle. It was also found that adolescents in more cohesive families report fewer barriers to asking for help for DSH and that identification with commitment, an exploratory dimension of identity development, plays an important role as a mediator of the relationship between family cohesion and one of the barriers to asking for help, minimizing the problem and emotional containment.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Palavras-chave
Comportamentos autolesivos Adolescência Coesão familiar Formação de identidade Pedido de ajuda Deliberate self-harm Adolescence Family cohesion Identity formation Help seeking