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Publication
Os sonhos nas crianças - Uma análise de conteúdo em crianças do 4º, 5º e 6º ano de escolaridade
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As descobertas encontradas pela análise de conteúdo na literatura, de que a maioria dos sonhos são realistas e baseados em aspectos de vida do dia a dia, relativos a desejos, interesses, receios e medos corroboram as hipóteses da teoria psicanalítica acerca da existência de uma relação directa entre a vigília e o conteúdo dos sonhos, indo ao encontro da hipótese de continuidade. Ainda, estudos sobre os sonhos nas crianças que apoiam a perspectiva desenvolvimentista têm constatado diferenças nos conteúdos dos sonhos, consoante a idade e o sexo das mesmas.
Devido à escassez de literatura e evidências empíricas sobre esta temática nas crianças em Portugal, considerou-se pertinente este estudo, que tem como objectivo principal contribuir para uma compreensão mais aprofundada da vivência dos sonhos nas crianças portuguesas, analisando e identificando os seus conteúdos, de acordo com o sexo e idade.
Participaram no presente estudo 103 alunos do 4º, 5º e 6º ano de escolaridade, com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e os 11 anos, provenientes de escolas do Concelho de Cascais. Os alunos responderam a um Questionário criado pelo investigador, constituído por uma escala de 50 itens e três perguntas de resposta aberta.
A análise dos resultados realizada permitiu observar diferenças nos conteúdos dos sonhos das crianças em relação à idade e o género das mesmas. Estes resultados apoiam a hipótese de continuidade do sonho uma vez que a maioria dos sonhos das crianças da nossa amostra refletiram as suas vivências do dia a dia na vigília. Constatou-se também uma relação entre os conteúdos dos sonhos e o desenvolvimento emocional, cognitivo e social da criança.
ABSTRACT: The findings yielded by several content analyses in the literature, that the majority of dreams are realistic and based on everyday aspects related to wishes, interests, and fears, corroborate the hypothesis of the psychoanalytic theory concerning the existence of a direct relationship between awakening and the content of dreams, thus supporting the continuity hypothesis. Moreover, studies on children’s dreams which support the developmental perspective have found differences in the contents of the dreams according to the children’s age and gender. Owing to the scarcity of theoretical and empirical evidence regarding this topic on Portuguese children, it was considered pertinent to conduct the present study whose main goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the experiencing of dreams on Portuguese children, analysing and identifying their content according to gender and age. 103 students on the 4th, 5th, and 6th grade, aged 8 to 11, from schools in Cascais participated in the present study. The students filled in a questionnaire created by the researcher consisting of 50 items and 3 open-ended questions. The content analysis conducted on the data showed differences in the contents of the children’s dreams according to their age and gender. The data support the dream continuity hypothesis since the majority of the reported dreams reflected the participating children’s everyday experiences while awake. A relationship between the content of the dreams and the child’s emotional, cognitive, and social development was also obtained.
ABSTRACT: The findings yielded by several content analyses in the literature, that the majority of dreams are realistic and based on everyday aspects related to wishes, interests, and fears, corroborate the hypothesis of the psychoanalytic theory concerning the existence of a direct relationship between awakening and the content of dreams, thus supporting the continuity hypothesis. Moreover, studies on children’s dreams which support the developmental perspective have found differences in the contents of the dreams according to the children’s age and gender. Owing to the scarcity of theoretical and empirical evidence regarding this topic on Portuguese children, it was considered pertinent to conduct the present study whose main goal is to contribute to a better understanding of the experiencing of dreams on Portuguese children, analysing and identifying their content according to gender and age. 103 students on the 4th, 5th, and 6th grade, aged 8 to 11, from schools in Cascais participated in the present study. The students filled in a questionnaire created by the researcher consisting of 50 items and 3 open-ended questions. The content analysis conducted on the data showed differences in the contents of the children’s dreams according to their age and gender. The data support the dream continuity hypothesis since the majority of the reported dreams reflected the participating children’s everyday experiences while awake. A relationship between the content of the dreams and the child’s emotional, cognitive, and social development was also obtained.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Sonhos Crianças Hipótese de continuidade Idade Género Dreams Children Continuity hypothesis Age Gender