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“De onde vem esse medo?” Duas Narrativas de Mulheres Indígenas a partir do Mito Akarandek
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Abstract(s)
A psicanálise de Freud foi pioneira ao identificar semelhanças entre a estrutura dos mitos e dos
sonhos e ao compreender ambas as produções como vias privilegiadas de acesso ao
inconsciente. Entre os povos que valorizam estas narrativas, destacam-se as sociedades
indígenas. Além de preservar os conhecimentos e a identidade destes povos, os mitos
desempenham uma importante função simbólica de contenção e nomeação de angústias
primitivas, regulação social e delimitação de representações psíquicas, contribuindo, assim,
para o estabelecimento dos papéis desempenhados por seus atores sociais. À luz da perspetiva
etnopsicanalítica, proposta por Georges Devereux, este estudo tem o objetivo de explorar as
ressonâncias psíquicas e fantasmáticas suscitadas pelo mito “A Cabeça Voadora, Akarandek,
a Cabeça-Voraz” no imaginário de mulheres indígenas. Para a realização deste estudo,
entrevistaram-se duas mulheres de diferentes etnias indígenas do Brasil, a Kuaracy (35 anos) e
a Jací (37 anos), pertencentes ao povo Kalapalo e Tikuna, respetivamente. Para alcançar a
dimensão subjectiva das participantes, foi utilizado o método FANI (Free Association Narrative
Interview). As entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com esta metodologia e, dos grandes
temas evocados, destacaram-se questões de cariz identitário e associações relacionadas com as
representações do feminino. Ademais, constatou-se que, apesar das distintas vivências e
cosmovisões, ambas as participantes evocaram a existência de uma representação ambivalente
(potente e terrífica) do feminino, corroborando com a literatura (etno)psicanalítica.
Destacaram-se ainda questões relacionadas ao inconsciente étnico, aos tabus/interditos
estabelecidos por ambos os povos, aos ritos de passagem das meninas pré-púberes e as relações
de parentesco, reguladas pelo princípio da exogamia.
ABSTRACT: The psychoanalysis of Freud was a pioneer in identifying similarities between the structure of myths and dreams and in understanding both productions as privileged routes of access to the unconscious. Among the peoples who value these narratives, indigenous societies stand out. In addition to preserving the knowledge and identity of people, myths perform an important symbolic function of containing and naming primitive anxieties, social regulation and delimiting psychic representations, thus contributing to the establishment of roles played by their social actors. In light of the ethnopsychoanalytic perspective, proposed by Georges Devereux, this study aims to explore the psychic and phantasmal resonances raised by the myth “The Flying Head, Akarandek, the Ravenous Head” in the imagination of indigenous women. To carry out this study, two women from different indigenous ethnicities in Brazil were interviewed, Kuaracy (35 years old) and Jací (37 years old), belonging to the Kalapalo and Tikuna people, respectively. To reach the subjective dimension of the participants, the FANI (Free Association Narrative Interview) method was used. The interviews were verified in accordance with this methodology and, of the major themes evoked, issues of an identity nature and associations related to representations of the feminine stood out. Furthermore, it was found that, despite their different experiences and worldviews, both participants evoked the existence of an ambivalent (potent and terrifying) representation of the feminine, corroborating the (ethno)psychoanalytic literature. Also highlighted were issues related to the ethnic unconscious, the taboos/prohibitions established by both peoples, the rites of passage of pre-pubescent girls and kinship relationships, regulated by the principle of exogamy.
ABSTRACT: The psychoanalysis of Freud was a pioneer in identifying similarities between the structure of myths and dreams and in understanding both productions as privileged routes of access to the unconscious. Among the peoples who value these narratives, indigenous societies stand out. In addition to preserving the knowledge and identity of people, myths perform an important symbolic function of containing and naming primitive anxieties, social regulation and delimiting psychic representations, thus contributing to the establishment of roles played by their social actors. In light of the ethnopsychoanalytic perspective, proposed by Georges Devereux, this study aims to explore the psychic and phantasmal resonances raised by the myth “The Flying Head, Akarandek, the Ravenous Head” in the imagination of indigenous women. To carry out this study, two women from different indigenous ethnicities in Brazil were interviewed, Kuaracy (35 years old) and Jací (37 years old), belonging to the Kalapalo and Tikuna people, respectively. To reach the subjective dimension of the participants, the FANI (Free Association Narrative Interview) method was used. The interviews were verified in accordance with this methodology and, of the major themes evoked, issues of an identity nature and associations related to representations of the feminine stood out. Furthermore, it was found that, despite their different experiences and worldviews, both participants evoked the existence of an ambivalent (potent and terrifying) representation of the feminine, corroborating the (ethno)psychoanalytic literature. Also highlighted were issues related to the ethnic unconscious, the taboos/prohibitions established by both peoples, the rites of passage of pre-pubescent girls and kinship relationships, regulated by the principle of exogamy.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação da
Professora Doutora Maria Emília Marques, apresentada no
Ispa – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.
Keywords
Etnopsicanálise Mitologia Povos Indígenas Feminino Identidade Cultural Método das Narrativas de Associação Livre – FANI Ethnopsychoanalysis Mythology Indigenous people Feminine Cultural Identity Free Association Narrative Interview– FANI