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Mecanismos de coping, níveis de ansiedade e depressão: pilotos profissionais, instrutores e não instrutores
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Abstract(s)
A pesquisa relatada neste artigo teve como objectivo verificar a existência de uma
correlação entre a formação ao nível da Psicologia Aeronáutica (ministrada no curso de
Piloto Instrutor) e a eficácia das estratégias de coping utilizadas, assim como os níveis
de ansiedade e índices de severidade de depressão, associados entre pilotos
profissionais instrutores e não instrutores. Deste modo, pretendemos estudar a
existência de algum tipo de relação entre processos cognitivos conscientes usados pelo
piloto para enfrentar a situação de ameaça, de dano e de desafio, com diferentes graus
de respostas adaptativas. Os participantes da investigação corresponderam a 15 Pilotos
Comerciais e de Linha Aérea de Aviões com qualificação de Instrutor (Grupo
Experimental) e 15 Pilotos Comerciais e de Linha Aérea de Aviões sem qualificação de
Instrutor (Grupo de Controlo), sendo ambos os grupos do sexo masculino. Com efeito,
com o presente estudo pretendíamos observar se existiam diferenças estatisticamente
significativas entre estes dois grupos, quanto à eficácia das estratégias de coping
adoptadas (H1), assim como quanto aos níveis de ansiedade (H2) e índices de
severidade de depressão (H3). Verificou-se assim, nesta investigação, que os Pilotos
Instrutores revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto à eficácia dos
mecanismos de coping mobilizados, adoptando estratégias de coping mais eficazes do
que os Pilotos não Instrutores, aceitando-se a primeira hipótese. Não se verificaram, no
entanto, resultados congruentes quanto às nossas segunda e terceira hipóteses, ou seja,
que existia uma associação negativa entre deter qualificação de Instrutor e as dimensões
ansiedade (estado e traço) e depressão, respectivamente; não se aceitando assim, a
segunda e terceira hipóteses.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify existing relationship between the training in the Aeronautical Psychology field (that Pilots receive in the Instructor Pilot course) and the coping strategies effectiveness, anxiety (state and trait) and depression levels, as well; associated amongst instructor pilots and non-instructor pilots. Therefore, we intended to check if there is any kind of connexion between aware cognitive processes realized by pilots to deal with threat, damage and challenge situations, with different degrees of adapted responses. Subjects were all Commercial and Air Line Transport Pilots, but 15 were also Instructors (Experimental Group) and the other 15 did not hold that qualification (Control Group); all the subjects of the sample being males. The purpose was to confirm if there are statistically significant differences between both groups, as for the efficacy of coping strategies (H1), as to anxiety levels (H2) and depression levels (H3). The results of this investigation, reveal that Instructor Pilots, in fact, do mobilize more effective coping mechanisms, compared to non-Instructor Pilots; hence accepting the first Hypothesis. However, it has not been verified, by means of congruent data, as far as the second and third hypothesis, the existence of a negative correlation between holding an Instructor qualification and anxiety (state and trait) and depression, respectively; thus, not accepting second and third hypothesis.
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify existing relationship between the training in the Aeronautical Psychology field (that Pilots receive in the Instructor Pilot course) and the coping strategies effectiveness, anxiety (state and trait) and depression levels, as well; associated amongst instructor pilots and non-instructor pilots. Therefore, we intended to check if there is any kind of connexion between aware cognitive processes realized by pilots to deal with threat, damage and challenge situations, with different degrees of adapted responses. Subjects were all Commercial and Air Line Transport Pilots, but 15 were also Instructors (Experimental Group) and the other 15 did not hold that qualification (Control Group); all the subjects of the sample being males. The purpose was to confirm if there are statistically significant differences between both groups, as for the efficacy of coping strategies (H1), as to anxiety levels (H2) and depression levels (H3). The results of this investigation, reveal that Instructor Pilots, in fact, do mobilize more effective coping mechanisms, compared to non-Instructor Pilots; hence accepting the first Hypothesis. However, it has not been verified, by means of congruent data, as far as the second and third hypothesis, the existence of a negative correlation between holding an Instructor qualification and anxiety (state and trait) and depression, respectively; thus, not accepting second and third hypothesis.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Keywords
Pilotos instrutores Stress Coping Ansiedade Depressão Instructor pilots Stress Coping Anxiety Depression