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Análise empírica dos Modelos de Duplo-Processamento no contexto de consumo de álcool: A influência da motivação para o controlo do consumo de álcool
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Abstract(s)
O consumo excessivo de álcool em estudantes universitários é um importante problema de saúde pública devido às inúmeras consequências adversas que acarreta. O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar o pressuposto principal subjacente aos modelos de duplo-processamento aplicados à compreensão dos comportamentos aditivos. Adicionalmente, o presente estudo pretende testar se a capacidade de autocontrolo apenas é utilizada para controlar a motivação para consumir quando existe, simultaneamente, uma elevada motivação para controlar esse consumo. A amostra é composta por 750 estudantes universitários que preencheram um questionário online com medidas sobre motivação para o consumo de álcool, autocontrolo e motivação para o controlo do consumo, bem como medidas dos níveis de consumo de álcool e consequências relacionadas com esse consumo. Os resultados sugerem que a motivação para o consumo está mais fortemente associada às consequências em pessoas com baixa capacidade de autocontrolo. Por outro lado, pessoas com elevada motivação para o consumo, mas com baixa capacidade de autocontrolo têm maior propensão para consumir álcool em excesso, especialmente quando têm baixa motivação para controlar os níveis de consumo. Os resultados mostram ainda que pessoas com baixa capacidade de autocontrolo têm maior propensão para experienciar consequências, especialmente quando têm baixa motivação para controlar o seu consumo. O presente estudo sugere, assim, possíveis revisões do modelo conceptual subjacente à perspetiva teórica de duplo-processamento aplicada aos comportamentos relacionados com o consumo excessivo de álcool, apontando também para importantes implicações práticas no contexto de programas de intervenção mais eficazes.
ABSTRACT: Excessive alcohol use among college students is a severe public health problem due to its adverse consequences. The current study tested the main assumption of the dual-process model of addiction when applied to addictive behaviours. Additionally, this study aims to test the hypothesis of whether self-control ability moderates a strong motivation to drink, only when there is simultaneously a high drive to control that consumption. The sample is composed of 750 college students who completed an online battery of questionnaires with self-report measures on motivation to drink, self-control, motivation to control drinking, as well as measures of alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol-related consequences. Our results suggest that motivation to drink is strongly associated with alcohol-related consequences, especially among people with relatively low self-control. Additionally, people with high motivation to drink coupled with self-control capacity tend to engage in excessive alcohol use or binge drinking, especially when they too have a relatively low motivation to control their levels of consumption. Our findings also show that people with low self-control have a greater tendency to experience alcohol-related consequences, especially when they have low motivation to control their drinking. The current study suggests possible revisions to the dual-process conceptual model explaining the risk for alcohol and drug addiction and highlights important and useful practical implications for developing better and more effective intervention programs.
ABSTRACT: Excessive alcohol use among college students is a severe public health problem due to its adverse consequences. The current study tested the main assumption of the dual-process model of addiction when applied to addictive behaviours. Additionally, this study aims to test the hypothesis of whether self-control ability moderates a strong motivation to drink, only when there is simultaneously a high drive to control that consumption. The sample is composed of 750 college students who completed an online battery of questionnaires with self-report measures on motivation to drink, self-control, motivation to control drinking, as well as measures of alcohol use, binge drinking, and alcohol-related consequences. Our results suggest that motivation to drink is strongly associated with alcohol-related consequences, especially among people with relatively low self-control. Additionally, people with high motivation to drink coupled with self-control capacity tend to engage in excessive alcohol use or binge drinking, especially when they too have a relatively low motivation to control their levels of consumption. Our findings also show that people with low self-control have a greater tendency to experience alcohol-related consequences, especially when they have low motivation to control their drinking. The current study suggests possible revisions to the dual-process conceptual model explaining the risk for alcohol and drug addiction and highlights important and useful practical implications for developing better and more effective intervention programs.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica
Keywords
Consumo excessivo de álcool Estudantes universitários Modelo de duplo processamento Autocontrolo Motivação para o controlo Excessive alcohol use College students Dual-process model Self-control Motivation to control drinking