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Distância e tamanho : uma amizade duradoura e fluente?
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Abstract(s)
A investigação demonstrou como o constructo das atitudes é complexo na sua origem, estrutura, e mudança. Estudar as atitudes implica estudar variáveis que a influenciam, como é o caso da fluência de processamento que se sabe fomentar atitudes mais favoráveis. São fontes de fluência perceptiva a distância e o tamanho de um objecto. Ambas têm impacto nas atitudes. Estas duas dimensões não são, contudo, independentes, interagindo e influenciando-se mutuamente. Nesta tese argumenta-se que a sua interacção pode ter impacto na formação de uma atitude. Testa-se se esse impacto se fica a dever à fluência perceptiva. Para o efeito, apresentaram-se imagens onde foram colocados objectos grandes ou pequenos, próximos ou distantes dos participantes (2 x 2), e solicitou-se-lhes que indicassem a sua atitude (avaliação) e quão fácil tinha sido avaliar cada um deles. A distância teve o efeito esperado nas avaliações dos objectos: quanto mais perto melhor avaliados. Surpreendentemente, o efeito principal de tamanho foi inverso ao esperado: quanto menor o objecto, melhor a avaliação. Estas variáveis interagiram no impacto sobre as atitudes; no entanto, em desacordo com a hipótese, esta interacção não se verificou em relação à fluência. Demonstrando que a interacção não se deve à fluência perceptiva, a facilidade dos julgamentos apenas sofreu efeitos directos da distância e do tamanho, que foram aditivos. Os dados são discutidos à luz das suas principais aplicações teóricas para o campo das atitudes e da fluência.
Research has shown how complex the attitude construct is in its origin, structure, and change. Studying attitudes implies studying variables that influence it, such as the fluency of processing that is known to foster more favorable attitudes. Sources of perceptual fluency are the distance and size of an object. Both have an impact on attitudes. These two dimensions are not, however, independent, interacting and influencing each other. In this thesis it is argued that their interaction can have an impact on the formation of an attitude. It is tested whether this impact is due to perceptual fluency. For this purpose, images were presented where large or small objects were placed, close or distant from the participants (2 x 2), and they were asked to indicate their attitude (evaluation) and how easy it had been to evaluate each one of them. Distance had the expected effect on object evaluations: the closer the better evaluated. Surprisingly, the main size effect was the opposite of what was expected: the smaller the object, the better the evaluation. These variables interacted on the impact on attitudes, however, in disagreement with the hypothesis, this interaction was not verified in relation to fluency. Demonstrating that the interaction is not due to the perceptual fluency, the facility of the judgments only suffered direct effects of distance and size, which were additive. The data are discussed in the light of their main theoretical applications in the field of attitudes and fluency.
Research has shown how complex the attitude construct is in its origin, structure, and change. Studying attitudes implies studying variables that influence it, such as the fluency of processing that is known to foster more favorable attitudes. Sources of perceptual fluency are the distance and size of an object. Both have an impact on attitudes. These two dimensions are not, however, independent, interacting and influencing each other. In this thesis it is argued that their interaction can have an impact on the formation of an attitude. It is tested whether this impact is due to perceptual fluency. For this purpose, images were presented where large or small objects were placed, close or distant from the participants (2 x 2), and they were asked to indicate their attitude (evaluation) and how easy it had been to evaluate each one of them. Distance had the expected effect on object evaluations: the closer the better evaluated. Surprisingly, the main size effect was the opposite of what was expected: the smaller the object, the better the evaluation. These variables interacted on the impact on attitudes, however, in disagreement with the hypothesis, this interaction was not verified in relation to fluency. Demonstrating that the interaction is not due to the perceptual fluency, the facility of the judgments only suffered direct effects of distance and size, which were additive. The data are discussed in the light of their main theoretical applications in the field of attitudes and fluency.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Psicologia Social e das Organizações.
Keywords
Atitudes Fluência perceptiva Distância Tamanho Interacção Attitudes Perceptual fluency Distance Size Interaction