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Contextos comunitários favoráveis ao bem-estar
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Resumo(s)
Este trabalho focaliza-se na “minimização dos erros
contextuais” que significa a tendência para se ignorar
a influência das zonas de residência e dos contextos
comunitários nos comportamentos humanos. Este erro
tem implicações na compreensão dos processos
psicológicos e nas acções orientadas para a mudança
social. Descreve-se um conjunto de modelos teóricos
que explicam como as zonas de residência e os contextos
comunitários estão associados a vários aspectos do
bem-estar humano enfatizando as ligações entre os contextos
e a saúde, o stress, os comportamentos de risco, as atitudes
e o desenvolvimento infantil. Sugere-se assim, que muitos
processos psicológicos podem verificar-se de forma
diferenciada consoante os contextos e que os factores
contextuais interferem nas características sócio-culturais
dos indivíduos. As pessoas, por seu lado, podem modificar
os contextos comunitários e a compreensão mais aprofundada
dos efeitos dos contextos tudo dependendo de
abordagens mais sofisticadas para os avaliar.
ABSTRACT: This chapter identifies “context minimization error” as the tendency to ignore the impact of enduring neighbourhood and community contexts on human behaviour. The error has adverse consequences for understanding psychological processes and efforts at social change. The chapter describes a series of theoretical models of how neighbourhoods and community settings are associated with various aspects of human welfare and reviews evidence of associations of context with health, psychological 60 distress, risk behaviours, psychological attitudes, and child development. It suggests that many psychological processes may play out differently in different contexts and that contextual factors interact with sociocultural characteristics of individuals in predicting outcomes. People, in turn, can shape community contexts. A more sophisticated understanding of the effects of contexts depends on more sophisticated approaches to assessing them.
ABSTRACT: This chapter identifies “context minimization error” as the tendency to ignore the impact of enduring neighbourhood and community contexts on human behaviour. The error has adverse consequences for understanding psychological processes and efforts at social change. The chapter describes a series of theoretical models of how neighbourhoods and community settings are associated with various aspects of human welfare and reviews evidence of associations of context with health, psychological 60 distress, risk behaviours, psychological attitudes, and child development. It suggests that many psychological processes may play out differently in different contexts and that contextual factors interact with sociocultural characteristics of individuals in predicting outcomes. People, in turn, can shape community contexts. A more sophisticated understanding of the effects of contexts depends on more sophisticated approaches to assessing them.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vizinhança Contextos Ecologia social Risco Setting Social ecology Neighbourhood
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Análise Psicológica, 25(1), 65-35
Editora
Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada